Composting is a process that allows the organic matter to be broken down by decomposition and converted to compost. Compost consists of a mix of different biological decomposition of organic waste, plant or animal, such as fallen leaves, banana peels and/or manure, mulch. It is used as a fertiliser and creates a useful soil enricher that helps to rejuvenate the soil. The end result of composting is an accumulation of partially decayed organic material also known as Humus. It is essential for long term soil fertility because it is the biological material of decomposing organism that is a source of crucial nutrients, Nitrogen, Potassium etc.
In addition, it is also a soil conditioner which promotes aeration, moisture retention, buffering/exchange
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It is essential for long term soil fertility. However, compost is low in soluble nutrients but contributes to soil and plant nutrition as it is further broken down over time by soil organisms to release nutrients essential for the plants whenever it is in need. One example will be nitrogen. Nitrogen can be gradually release in compost because, “excess nitrogen in particular is undesirable because it creates lush, watery growth that is more susceptible to pest and diseases. Aphids for example, are attracted to plants with high levels of nitrogen in their leaves.” (Gershuny. G 2001) Therefore, nutrients in the soil will not leached away and pose as a threat to surrounding environment or attract pest and diseases.
3. Importance of Compost
Compost is a valuable soil amendment that will help the plants thrive. It helps to enrich and regenerate the soil for better growth and development of the plants. It also helps the soil to retain water and nutrients better to minimise irrigation and fertilisation in areas with compost. This helps to reduce the cost for fertilisers or irrigation systems in farms/gardens and balances a tight budget.
In addition, no chemical fertilisers will be used because leaching of such components to surrounding environment can be harmful to any using the surrounding water bodies. Without the use of chemical fertilisers, fruits and vegetables can be grown organically. The high demands of organic products makes this a lucrative source of