In the article, “In Defense of Annual School Testing”, Chad Aldeman argues that schools should annually give students standardized tests in order to see students’ progress over time and get a more accurate account of certain groups’ performance in schools. Aldeman defends his argument by creating hypothetical scenarios, and then he uses a school to exemplify the scenario. For example, he uses public elementary schools in Washington, D.C to discuss the impact of only testing one grade, which is the lack of credibility to use that specific grade to reflect the performance of the rest of the school. He claims that the fifth graders taking tests would not accurately reflect the progress of low income and African-American students because they