According to Dr. Lalvani, under British rule, endangered species were protected and national parks were opened. Yet in reality, forests were logged and turned into farms for cash crops like indigo, cotton and tobacco. Resulting in higher temperatures, increased salt content in the soil making it harder to grow crops and reducing the amount of available water (Document 6). National parks are meant to save and protect both the land and animals living there. Logging those forests for the purpose of cash crops didn’t follow these two very simple guidelines.
Roosevelt did not agree with Muir that all of the land should be closed off for wildlife because of the resources. Eighty million acres of that land was planned to be used for resources, and the rest is national forest. Most of the resources being preserved were trees, and trees are mainly used to build homes. Some forests were preserved while others were harvested of trees. Then, when the forest would have low amounts of trees, the preserved forest and the harvested forest will switch roles.
Native American DBQ The 15th century will perpetually be deemed in the eyes of humanity as perhaps, the most momentous period in the vast history of planet earth. This is due to its comprising of Columbus’ expedition to the New World, the crucial catalyst to ignite the torrential chain of events to follow: European exploration of America. Interactions with the native populace served as a byproduct of these endeavors and the European’s interactions and consequent outlook on the natives varied immensely. Their outlooks ranged from sheer reverence to utter repugnance yet the majority unite in their consisting of a rather patronizing aura.
Changes in Land Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England deeply examine several changes that occurred in the new land after invasion made by colonists. Thus, changes affected not only the people but also the environment. The shift of dominance from Indian dominance to European dominance stated in the book. Moreover, the effect of this dominance on the environment and culture of the original inhabitants and most of them coming from Indian origin is stated by Cronon. There were fundamental notable reorganizations in how things were generally done after an invasion by settlers.
The Native Americans of the 14-1500’s era played a variety of ball games throughout the continent before the appearance of the Europeans. All ball games took place on a surface sometimes stretching over a mile long. The events consisted always of a man carrying a stick with a webbed pocket, passing a ball to one another to a goal. Each Indian tribe in different regions of the country had unique features on how the game was played, but all traced back to the same concept. The Natives were very focused and driven by war, and used the game as a way to keep their men healthy and strong.
In the late 1600’s, many European settlers arrived in North America in hopes of escaping the hardships they faced back home. America initially promised colonists the wealth, religious freedom, and escape from oppression they desired. New England was home to dense forests, and hills which was not optimal for crop growth. Therefore, the colonists directed their attention towards trade and commerce. The people in this region were devoutly religious and believed in the education of children.
Jacob Mayfield Pd 4 Honors American Lit Harvard Outline The environmental wisdom and spirituality that the Native Americans possessed is legendary. Animals were respected as equal to humans. Although hunted, but only for food, the hunter had to first ask for the permission of the animal’s spirit. Among the Native Americans the land was owned in common as a whole, no single person or entity owned any land.
From colonial times until the end of the Indian Wars in 1890, the people in America went through a series of unfair and unfortunate events. Mainly for the Indians which are also called the first peoples. These events could have been handled with much more consideration for the Indians. There are many times when the Americans went too far including the Removal Act of 1830, the Reservation System, and the Act for the Government and Protection of Indians.
The Colombian exchange created a great cultural impact on The Americas which can be seen even today. Wiping out up to ninety percent of Native Americans, the settlers that came to America created a biological imperialism on another scale. The demand from European countries for exportation quickly created a market that settlers could benefit from and Native Americans could not compete with. Deforestation started on a massive scale due to the high availability of lumber, and seas quickly started to be depleted of fish. The introduction of livestock and agriculture created an environmental revolution.
Before the Spanish ship that changed it all, which arrived in the “New World” in 1492, thriving organized communities of native people had centuries of history on the land. That ship, skippered by Christopher Columbus, altered the course of both Native American and European history. 1492 sparked the fire of cultural diffusion in the New World which profoundly impacted the Native American peoples and the European settlers. Prior to European contact, Native Americans lived as hunter-gatherers, living and traveling in groups of typically less than 300 people. These Native Americans spoke over 400 languages and practiced a myriad of different religions (The American Pageant).
Life for the Native Americans was much harder during and after the western expansion. For example, the US took land from the Indians leading the formation of reservations, White men almost hunted the Buffalo , an important food source for the Indians, to extinction, and forced the Indians to get rid of their culture. Because of the western expansion, the area of land the Indians could occupy decreased significantly. The government would make treaties with the Indians allowing them to keep a certain area of land, but this would soon be broken ; When the Pacific Railroad Act was passed it stated that wherever a track was laid the company would own any land 200 ft surrounding the track including Indian land ; the Government would make sure that
The American Revolution lasted six years and the impacts of it were everlasting(Schultz, 2010). The effects were felt by every group of people in North America and many worldwide. Even though George Washington had all of his troops vaccinated against smallpox, the colonists were not so fortunate and as a results some estimates are that as many as one hundred and thirty thousand people died from this dreaded disease. This loss of life combined with the divisions among the colonies into those loyal to Britain and those who wanted freedom would forever change the way of life for the colonists.
Jurisdiction is defined as the power, right, or authority to interpret and apply the law (Merriam-Webster, 2017). A matter that falls within the courts jurisdiction (Merriam-Webster, 2017). The main difference between the court of general jurisdiction and a court of limited jurisdiction is the types of cases they preside over (Hall, 2014). Courts of general jurisdiction can preside over many different types of both criminal and civil cases (Hall, 2014). However, courts of limited jurisdiction only preside over certain cases, generally at a lower level such as minor criminal offenses (Hall, 2014).
Ownership of land was the concept of private property that one person or group owned permanent, absolute control of a part of land. This was difficult to understand for many Native Americans because they have practiced a communistic land system for a long period of time. Land was not a product, perceptible, or an inert item that could be sized and sold. The Native Americans never established a structure or civilization of personal land ownership. Their land was not possessed by people and instead belonged to the community as a whole.
Sustainable forest management requires three major criteria which are the maintenance of ecological processes within the forest (soil formation, energy flow, biogeochemical cycles (carbon, nutrient and hydrological cycles), maintenance of biodiversity of forest, improving the net social benefits derived from the mixture of forest uses within the constraints by considering the future. Forest provides habitats for more than half of the fauna and flora on the Earth (SCBD, 2001). Forest biome plays an important role in mitigating climate change by serving as carbon sinks (Hassan et al., 2005). Forest land is the most fundamental natural resources which become reduced mainly due to anthropogenic pressures. For proper management of land, it is essential to have information about existing land cover and about the naturalness of the land.
