Individualism And Early Industrial Revolution

Federalism discounts all of that. It envisages society as advancing by new know-how knowledge which in turn shapes society. Thus for a Federalist there are:-

Ancient history and its society based on freeman and slave.

Feudalism based on lord and serf with a dominant religion Christianity.

Individualistic early Capitalism whose dominant religion was Protestantism in conflict with Roman Catholicism. In early Capitalism labour was exploited by Capital. Individualistic democratic Protestant Nationalism which asserted the individual freedom rights duties and responsibilities and equality under the law and envisages nation states as separate apart and alien.

Federalism which envisages peoples communities countries states and peoples as together

He gave to England the new know-how knowledge of the spinning frame. He also patented the new know-how knowledge of the cording engine that transformed raw cotton into cotton lap. He created the modern factory system by combining power machinery with semi skilled labour and the raw material cotton to create mass produced cotton in a single building. He became known as the “Father of the Industrial Revolution”. His factory at Cromford in Derbyshire initially earned Arkwright abnormally high profits. This encouraged new capital into the field reducing the profit margin by competition until profit equilibrium was reached. When the cotton industry reached its full potential England had the largest cotton industry in the world.

Similar stories can be found in America in the lives of the entrepreneurs the Wright Brothers Marconi Edison and Ford. The Know-how of these men triggered a global aviation industry a global sound industry and the mass production of cars. This was new know-how driven knowledge which transformed the social lives of millions o n the planet and from a “mustard seed” beginning these industries grew.

Styles of Socialism. J.S.

Capitalists are motivated not by social but by private interest. Capitalists have the power to exploit labour because they live without engaging in economic activity whereas workers have to sell their labour to survive. It is not society that remunerates labour but capitalists. Capitalists are individuals who concern themselves not with social interests but their own. In this Durkhein reflects Adam Smith’s “hidden hand” where self interest is the driving force of wealth creation. The services the capitalists buy from labour they pay for not for their true worth but as cheaply as possible. In this we return again to individualistic Protestant capitalism. Christian federalism can get beyond that in a new future historic