Mumford and Burke agree on a period in human history before the industrial revolution. For Mumford this was the Eotechnic period, when water and wind power were the sources of energy. Burke supports this notion when he writes “Succeeding millennia saw the development of technologies for water management, mining, writing systems, maritime communications, textiles…New inventions and the modification of old ones… continued to provide incremental advantages”. Burke’s larger description of the pre-industrial period doesn’t just discuss some of the same technological developments as Mumford. It describes the same essence of pre-industrial society, gradual advances in societies that stayed more or less structurally the same for centuries. Mumfurd