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Institutional Racism Essay

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In a broad sense, racism refers to prejudice or discrimination against someone based on his or her race; however, racism can be manifested in several forms, including interpersonal and institutional racism. Interpersonal racism refers to everyday actions taken by the group in power to exclude, restrict, or otherwise harm a minority group (Marger 20). This form of racism can be overt, such as avoidance, exclusion and rejection, verbal attacks, and physical attacks (21), or can be more subtle, such as stereotyping and being insensitive to cultures and subcultures (22). On the other hand, institutional racism is discrimination that is built into, enforced, and maintained by the various institutions of societies (3). Although institutional racism …show more content…

The practice of redlining involved looking at the racial composition of neighborhoods and marking those with minority groups as undesirable, denying services such as loans and raising housing prices and causing a significant number of white people moved to the suburbs. The urban renewal program involved the demolition of numerous housing units with the promise that they would be rebuilt and that people would be relocated in various development projects. However, the promise of rebuilding was unfulfilled as many homeowners in low-income neighborhoods lost their homes and neighborhoods affected became more congested. Lastly, blockbusting involved real estate agents convincing white property owners to sell their homes, preying on the fear that racial minorities would move into the neighborhood, and essentially promoting white flight (Feagin and Sikes 244). Although these policies are no longer prevalent, the legacies they have left behind contribute to institutional and interpersonal racism today. Respondents from Feagin and Sikes’ book have experienced negative responses from white neighbors (252), discrimination from lenders (249), and illegal quota systems (232). In the case of residential segregation, it is clear how institutional racism stemmed from, as well as contributed to interpersonal racism, simply analyzing cases over the past several

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The idea of equality for all people, regardless of their race, is instilled in the American society of today. Unfortunately, this idea has not always been present, which ultimately has caused many issues for America’s society in the past. As discussed in the book Our Town: Race, Housing, and the Soul of Suburbia, David L. Kirp focuses on the inequality that was found between the low-income blacks and the middle class whites in a South Jersey town, Mount Laurel. At the time, the whites had a goal of running the blacks out of the town by making the costs of housing expensive enough where blacks could not afford it. This lead to unequal treatment for the blacks who lived in Mount Laurel compared to the whites when it came to housing opportunities.

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Redlining defines the act of refuting facilities to residents of particular areas based on the fact that these residents belong to a minority class. The white communities were rated “Green” which meant “desirable area” and the non-white communities or the ones under development, were rated “Red” which meant that these areas were non-desirable. They were redlined. This resulted in most of the benefits going to white communities and they progressed more as compared to other racial groups. Blockbusting: Blockbusting was a technique used by real estate agents to encourage white property owners to offer their homes at cheap values in the fear that families from other racial groups were moving in the neighborhood.

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After recent protests in Baltimore, Badger (2016) explores the nature of policies set in the early 1900’s that have shaped the city of Baltimore, and that continue to have an effect on their quality of life. Actions such as redlining and urban renewal have perpetuated poverty and segregation in the same neighborhoods today as 75 year ago. This article calls attention to the effect of system-wide race discrimination in Baltimore, and how policies create a cyclical link between race and disadvantage in communities. Racial disparities across many subsystems have created a system of race discrimination in which it’s emergent effects implant uber discrimination into our culture and institutions (Reskin, 2012). Reskin (2012) explains how emergent discrimination intensifies disparities within each subsystem and creates systems of race discrimination.

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The researcher provides a look at the past, reflections on recent developments, and considerations for the future, based on current trends” (Troost Village Community Association 1). African Americans tried to live in the same neighborhoods as whites, but they made sure that did not happen. Once many people started realizing that they were not going to be able to live in neighborhoods with white people or get as nice of houses they

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This Institutional racism captures racial disparities and shows how that even racist thinking and thoughts can be prominent not just by an individual speaking, but all

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One way in which this fear is implemented is by increasing the inequality between races. Urban planning, in particular, has played a large role in this as it has historically advantaged some people while putting others at a disadvantage. From gentrification and racial disparities in law enforcement to practices such as blockbusting and redlining, it is apparent that policies and decisions made by city planners were not designed to benefit everyone equally. Particularly the Housing Act of 1949 and the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956. Both of these policies displaced residents through the use of eminent domain and condemnation laws (Budds, “How Urban Design Perpetuates Racial Inequality – And What We Can Do About It”).

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The author’s point of this paper is to show how racism is still going on in today’s world. There are many more ways and examples the author can explain and show how racism is going on

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Wealth is one of the factors why residential segregation is an increasing problem. Golash- Boza explains, “Residential segregation happened when different groups of people are sorted into discount neighborhoods” (271). It is because of housing segregation

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Public Policy on Housing Discrimination Executive Summary Housing discrimination and segregation have long been present in the American society (Lamb and Wilk). The ideals of public housing and home buying have always been intertwined with the social and political transformation of America, especially in terms of segregation and inequality of capital and race (Wyly, Ponder and Nettking). Nevertheless, the recent unrest in Ferguson, Missouri and in Baltimore due to alleged police misconduct resulting to deaths of black men brought light on the impoverished conditions in urban counties in America (Lemons). This brings questions to the effectiveness of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) in devising more fair-housing facilities (Jost).

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Systemic Racism in the United States Many individuals today have different point of views on how the United States of America became what it is today. For instance, point of views such as how society learned to function the way it does, the law and order in place, and ultimately, how circumstances have developed throughout history. Unfortunately, institutional/institutionalized racism, also known as systemic racism is also a concept that has settled and is grown to be quite predominant in the United States all through times past. Systemic racism continues to take place in settings such as banks, courts of law, government organizations, school systems, and the like.

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“ According to the National Association of Social Workers Web site, racism is “the ideology or practice through demonstrated power or perceived superiority of one group over others by reasons of race, color, ethnicity, or cultural heritage....” The definition further goes on to note that “racism is manifested at the individual, group, and institutional level.” (Blank, 2013) Despite how much time has passed by, racism continues to be a huge issue today. We see it every day, some have even been confronted by racial discrimination, or racial slurs even. We see how the system could be for example: how blacks continue to get more severe punishments or blacks have higher the chance to get criminally sentenced than whites.

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As we reach the 21st century we would think that racial inequality has completely ended yet we continue to see much discrimination. Racial inequality continues to exist in the world and here in the United States it is a very controversial topic. Today, we watch the television and almost everyday we hear news about some type of crime or situation which regards race issues. In other words, racism is still a topic that we experience in a daily basis and continues to haunt this country. By analyzing some recent racial inequality news we can find out what continues to make this issue such a controversial topic.

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Racism Racism is the conviction that qualities and capacities can be credited to individuals basically on the premise of their race and that some racial gatherings are better than others. Bigotry and separation have been utilized as capable weapons empowering apprehension or disdain of others in times of contention and war, and notwithstanding amid monetary downturns. Racism is also a very touchy subject for some people, as issues concerning free speech and Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights come into play. Some people argue that talking about supporting racial discrimination and prejudice is just words and that free speech should allow such views to be aired without restriction. Others point out that these words can lead to some very dire and serious consequences (the Nazi government policies being one example).

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There’s an old saying that “sticks and stones may break your bones, but words will never hurt you.” In reality, that saying is wrong. Words hurt a person as much as punch or a kick can. It may not hurt someone physically, but it can scar someone mentally and emotionally. Due to the topics they are associated with, certain words or phrases can elicit strong reactions; some are positive, while others are negative but nonetheless, they all leave an impact on people.

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