Intelligence In The Odyssey

In this essay I will discuss the contrast in the representation of intelligence in ancient Greek heroes and their modern counterparts. I will look at the heroes Ajax, Hector and Achilles in the Iliad and Odysseus in the Odyssey, and compare them with modern heroes as Achilles in Troy (2004) and Hercules in Hercules (2014). Ancient Greek texts consistently portray heroes as intelligent and strategical, and the characters show a deep understanding of military strategy, diplomacy and the ability to outsmart their opponents. In contrast, modern heroes are seen prioritizing their physical strength, with their intelligence and strategic thinking taking a secondary role. This change shows an interesting shift in our cultural values.

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In The Odyssey, Odysseus is the embodiment of intelligence and cunning in ancient Greek heroism. Odysseus is well-known for his intellect and strategic thinking around the Greek world, and while introducing himself to the king of Leartes Odysseus proudly states: “The whole world talks of my stratagems.” This shows Odysseus is well known throughout Greece for his intelligence and strategies and is recognized for it. Throughout his journey, Odyssey consistently demonstrates his intelligence and strategic thinking by using clever schemes and deceptive tactics to outsmart his opponents. One example of Odysseus' intelligence is seen when he is faced with the cyclops Polyphemus. To protect himself and his crew, Odysseus introduces himself to the cyclops as “Nobody.” After Odysseus and his crew blind the cyclops, Polyphemus calls out to the other cyclopes saying: “It’s nobody's treachery that is doing me to death,” causing the other cyclopes to dismiss his cries for help, and not come to Polyphemus’ aid. This deception allows Odysseus to escape from the cyclops and ensures his and his crew's survival. In another example, Odysseus creates a plan to listen to the song of the Sirens,

For example, Ajax is shown using his intelligence to motivate and inspire his soldiers. Before an incoming attack from the Troyans, Ajax decides to uplift his men. Ajax loudly states: “Our salvation, therefore, is in the might of our hands and in hard fighting.” This inspiring speech shows Ajax’ strategic thinking, as he sees the importance of boosting his soldiers morale and giving them a sense of determination. His leadership demonstrates the depth of his intelligence, and shows him as more than just a leader, but also a strategic thinking leader. Another example is shown in the moments leading up to the battle between Achilles and Hector. Hector knows that he will not survive the encounter, and thus considers the consequences of surrendering. He thinks to himself: “What, again, if I were to lay down my shield and helmet, lean my spear against the wall and go straight up to noble Achilles? What if I were to promise to give up Helen, who was the fountainhead of all this war, and all the treasure that Alexandrus brought with him in his ships to Troy, aye, and to let the Achaeans divide the half of everything that the city contains among themselves?” This moment of reflection shows Hector considering the consequences of this decision for the