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Jim Crow Law Research Paper

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THE YEAR IS 2009. Citizens of the United States enjoy freedom, privileges, and for many, an opportunity to participate in the “American dream.” BUT, approximately 40 years ago this was not true for African Americans living in the South.

I reside in Columbia, South Carolina, and today as I sit and watch people – Black people, White people, - people of all races -walk with their lawn chairs, blankets, and coolers, sit, and enjoy a family summer concert at Finlay Park, I can’t help but wonder, how many people know of the struggle? How many people really understand the struggle it took to change the southern “Jim Crow laws of racial separation” which made such a simple family gathering as this in a public park possible?

A trip to the Richland …show more content…

Unfortunately, about
40 years, yes approximately 40 years ago I, because of the color of my skin, would not have been allowed to “step foot” on the grounds of the South Carolina State House. But, thanks to the activists, the agitators for equal rights – young people and people who were sick and tired of being shut out, who “took to the streets.” They protested until the unequal and unjust Jim
Crow laws were changed. Checkout Cecil Williams’ book, Out of the Box in Dixie, in which he states “…in 1961, 200 individuals were jailed for trespassing while marching around the …show more content…

As reflected in the book, Lil’ Weary Feet, by Vennie Deas Moore, his case, “Levi Pearson vs. Clarendon County dated July 28, 1947, was dismissed due to “legal technicalities. Subsequently filed, however, was the Petition of Harry Briggs, et al to the Board of Trustees for School District No. 22 dated November 11, 1949, against the
Clarendon County Board of Education.”

The renowned Harry Briggs, et al case, Civil Action #2505, was filed in the U.S. District Court in Charleston, South Carolina, on May 17, 1950, by Attorneys Harold R. Boulware, Thurgood Marshall, and Robert L Carter of 11091/2 Washington Street, Columbia, South Carolina. It cited all of the discriminatory practices of the Clarendon County Board of Education. This case was later included in what is now known as “Brown versus Board of Education of 1954” in which the United States Supreme Court ruled that the “Jim Crow laws of separate but equal was unconstitutional.”

Today, school buses are provided for all children, but more importantly the case resulted in the United States Supreme Court’s ruling that would change the South, to supposedly an all integrated South without Jim Crow

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Vann Woodward discusses the downfall of the Jim Crow Laws. In 1954, the Brown v. Board of Education case ruled that segregation of public schools was unlawful. Woodward notes in his book that “the court’s decision of 17 May was the most momentous and far-reaching of the century in civil rights. It reversed a constitutional trend started long before Plessy v. Ferguson, and it marked the beginning of the end of Jim Crow.” Implementation was something new to everyone.

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Before the decision is discussed, the background for the case must be explained. “In the 1950’s, Linda Brown was a young African American girl in Kansas who had to walk through a railroad switchyard to get to school. There was a school much closer to her house, but she could not go there because it was an all white school. (Background Summary)” This was a very effective motivator for Mr. Brown, as he felt that his child was being discriminated against and put in danger because she was forced to go to a specific school.

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The Brown v. Board of Education was a monumental decision as it expressed that “separate but unequal” from Plessy v. Ferguson was inherently unequal, meaning it was unconstitutional. The decision overturned Plessy v. Ferguson as it stated that racial segregation of public education violated the Fourteenth Amendment. Oliver Brown was a parent of a child that was rejected from Topeka’s white schools and Brown took this injustice to court. With the leadership of Chief Justice Earl Warren, a unanimous decision was ruled to desegregate the public education system. The ruling led to mixed reactions in the nation, as the South was appalled by the decision and attempted to stop the decision from being carried out.

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The Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v. Board of Education paved the way for a new level of opportunity for others that followed by making segregation in schools illegal, providing better conditions in the classroom, and providing African American students with more opportunities for the future. In the summer of 1950, 13 African Americans parents tried to enroll their children in an all-white school for the upcoming year. They were of course denied, being that at the time schools were segregated. One particular child really stood out in this case, his name was Linda Brown. Brown had to travel a large distance to attend Monroe Elementary--one of the four black elementaries in the town.

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Jim Crow law passed in the late 19th century, kept African Americans, former slaves and their descendants in subordinate positions. The Jim Crow law, in essence, wanted African Americans to know their place and stay in it. The law gave White people the ultimate authority over their well being and lives. The European Jews experienced the same injustices. The most tragic being the Holocaust.

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In the 1950s in Topeka, Kansas, Linda Brown, a young African-American girl, had to walk many blocks through dangerous railroad tracks to receive an education. Linda lived much closer to another school, but Linda was not allowed to attend that school because schools were segregated during that time. When her father, Oliver Brown, tried to enroll her in the local school, the school refused to admit Linda. Her white neighborhood friends had the convenience of locality, but she did not because of the fact that she was African-American. The Brown v. Board of Education is a justified Supreme Court case because every person deserves the right to an education and the color of one’s skin should not prevent that.

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Since the late 1950s, when the case for African American rights to receive the same education as their graduates began and ended, or so we thought. Schools today still remain widely segregated throughout the U.S. nation. In 1954 in Topeka, Kansas, the supreme court began to review many cases dealing with segregation in public education. Oliver Brown was one who went against the supreme court for not only his daughter, but for many other African American children to receive equal education in the ray of society. The Brown v. Board of Education case marked the end of racial discrimination in public schools which impacted African Americans to get an equal education in the American society.

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C. Vann Woodward drove a specific theme throughout his book that racial segregation, later known as Jim Crow in the South, did not begin immediately after the end of the Civil War in 1865. Racial segregation, however, took a slow route and prevailed towards the end of the century when issues started to pop up due to the Civil Rights movement; furthermore, before Jim Crow came about there was a distinct period of assimilation between races in the southern states. Many historians believe that the laws were the problem; moreover, the problem was deeper. Woodward begins his thesis by stating that the structure of Jim Crow “was born in the North and reached an advanced age before moving South” (C.V.W pg.

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This case stated that segregating children by race in public schools was “inherently unequal.” In other words, this case was a catalyst for the modern civil rights movement. It inspired education reform everywhere. Also, it formed the legal means of challenging segregation in all areas of society. From the year of 1896 to after 1964, immense progress was made.

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When the case was brought to Supreme Court, the segregation of coloured people on city buses was found unconstitutional. And the Brown V the Board of Education was used as leverage in the cases

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The Brown v. Board of Education decision passed in 1954 was a significant and historic case that made history for African Americans. According to Mark Rathbone the Brown V Board ruling “was the catalyst for the massive expansion of the civil rights movement which took place in the 1950s and 60s”. (Rothbone, 2004). Sanders indicates how Earl Warren believed that the “the Supreme Court unanimity would help persuade the nation to accept the principle and practice of integrated schools”. (Sanders V. , 2019, p. 102).

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Patience, teaching, and receiving an education myself is key to this goal. I must be living proof of the success of African Americans and use to success to teach my children and everyone around me who is ignorant of what the racial issues in America are. I cannot be silent because that reflects complacency in America’s current state. To make myself known, is to make known the greatness and struggle within every unheard voice of

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This led to “white only” and “no blacks allowed” signs posted every where and on everything. Nothing was changing for the better, instead, simply ignoring the fact that the white race was still treating the black race unfairly after they had been given their rights. It was not until that one family was tired of their little girl walking far and unsafe distances to her “black only” school because she was not allowed to go the white school a couple blocks away. This sparked the Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas court trial in 1954. This trial was a voice that finally rose from the silence and spoke for every black person fighting for their rights.

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