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Nuremberg Forty Years After Summary

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Birkett, J. (1947). International Legal Theories Evolved at Nuremberg. International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), 23(3), p.317-25
This primary source is a document by Justice Birkett, a British judge that was present throughout the entire Nuremburg trials. Due to his ethnicity, it was easily identifiable that his anti-Nazism standpoint was well appointed. Justice emphasised absolute pro-allied ideologies and was an avid supporter of the Nuremburg trials. The main themes of the primary source circulate around Justice defending the mass disapprovals that the trials accumulated during such time. For example, criticisms against the court were that only allied officials and judges were present during the ruling. Justice's …show more content…

It is divided into a section for each author: Moral and ethics, legalities and the legal problems. A problem highly critiqued in the book was the executing orders of superior personnel. Prior to the Nuremberg trials it was an accepted plea however in this instance the claim was rejected. Furthermore, it was stated that the Kellogg-Briand Pact did not sufficiently accommodate to the legalities in terms of the crimes against peace. The book states that the Nuremberg trials were indeed fair to the defence however, the allies used the trials as political vengeance. The second part of the book goes into analysing the achievements of Nuremberg and the misapprehensions. These misapprehensions are critiqued in terms of the behaviour governments have with the lack of law against nuclear weapons. If Nuremberg set out to achieve a new mindset with war and peace, why are there no sanctions against nuclear weaponry? This book was essential in understanding how the trials set an example for future international law against warfare. The criticism the law takes is extremely interesting as it seemed as if the laws had not been entirely fulfilled. This book is essential reading as unlike many other documents it provides evidence against the Nuremberg trials, thefore presenting a different frame of thinking to the

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On November 14, 1945, the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials began in Germany. They were to be the definitive judgement of the crimes against humanity by the Nazis. In the midst of the trial, it was determined that the SS, along with its associated organizations such as the Sicherheitsdienst (SD--the security and intelligence organization within the SS) and Geheime Staatspolizei (Gestapo—State Secret Police), was a criminal organization.1 The verdict placed on the SS was as follows:

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In studying Albert Speer, one must account for the changing nature of history through introduction of new information and evidence with each new generation of historians and scholars. In Albert Speer’s case, his interpretation originated from his penitence at the Nuremberg Trials and later developed through contradictions made by historians as evidence and information was exposed in regards to the man “who was too deep for his own good”. At the Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal, Speer presented a remorseful face to the world, pleading ignorance. This efficiency was rarely questioned, with many believing he increased production by 300% between 1941 and 1944. Early Speer historians endorsed this view.

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From a well educated background, his qualifications verify his interpretation to Martin Guerre’s case. Not only was he present for the trial, he was one of the ten judges overseeing the case. He was also a skilled lawyer and professor at a university. He

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Those odds are far from certain. The pair, however, survive this trial, with the left going to prison. Once past the first selection, Wiesel only presents more uncertainty with the constant additional selections and the ability for the Nazis to kill without warning. The abundance of chance and randomness that is brought up perfectly proves the uncertain side of

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The trial covered the three main factors of denying the Holocaust. The biggest accusations claim was that there was no proof of the Nazi’s having an organized plan to eliminate Jews, that there was no proof that Hitler ordered the extermination or did not know of the extermination of Jews, and that no Jews were killed with the use of gas chambers. He believed specifically that no Jew was ever murdered by gassing at the Auschwitz extermination camp. The trial began in January of 2000 and ended, with a judgment strongly in favor of Lipstadt and her publisher, in April of that year. The purpose of the trial was for Irving to gain his credibility back.

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Trial Decision This trial of President Harry S Truman attempts to malign him as a war criminal after the role he played in dropping the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. As Commander in Chief during World War II, President Truman made the final decision in whether the atomic bombs should or should not be dropped to put an end to Japanese resistance and bring the second world war to a close. It is being called into question whether the Japanese’s unwillingness to surrender called for such a severe response from the United States.

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He also wants the reader to better understand and contemplate how these moral decisions impacted the course of the war and postwar era. He asks the difficult moral questions that challenge the moral clarity and high ground that we tend to view the World War II with. Richard Overy begins Why the Allies

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Terms such as “The Guilty, Guilty, murd’rer walks abroad… MURD’RER !” (Frederick 4.2). The soldiers involved were tried and convicted; however, only given token punishments (Brinkley 97). This propaganda did not address the rational or evaluate the justification for the killing of the five that perished in the event. The purpose of this article was to incite the masses and further shift the opinions of the populous.

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Taking on this role in the Nuremberg trials required him to “determining the crimes with which the Nazi leaders would be charged, establishing the judicial procedures to be used, choosing a site for the trial, working out staggering logistic al problems created by many languages and represented countries, and actually trying the case” (Domnarksi 27). Justice Jackson had a particular gift of being able to identify a dramatic moment and capitalize on it. One moment of this came at the end of the Nuremberg trials during his closing argument. He started the statement with comparing the Hitler to Shakespeare’s Richard III and then finished the beautiful statement by saying, “If you were to say of these men hat they are not guilty, it would be as true to say there has been no war, there are no slain, there has been no crime” (E. London 506). Justice Jackson successfully prosecuted the Nazi war criminals in a system that had never before been established.

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In addition, maltreatment of Jews in Germany was encouraged, praised, and considered necessary for the country to attain its lost power. King’s ability to reinforce his argument in a refined manner with factual evidence becomes the key stone to building his

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Many of the accused got sentenced to life in prison or death. Stanley Milgram conducted an experiment to explain the correlation of the environmental aspects that make people do terrible things and how far people will go to harm others. Social pressures also play a big role in how people think. Minorities can have their ideas of what is right and what is wrong swept over by majorities which was displayed in Solomon Asch’s experiments. The most important thing to learn from the Nuremburg trials, Milgram’s experiment, and Asch’s experiment is that sometimes it is better to resist authority if it means following moral

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Genocide is a very serious matter and should not be taken lightly. It is a horrible crime that no government should ever instill on their people. Genocide is the destruction of an entire human group based on nationality, religion, race, and ethnic identity. In 2007 the Montreal conference pressured politicians to take genocide from other places seriously. General Romeo Dallaire’s forces were in Rwanda to stop a genocide, but due to lack of resources they had to stop the mission.

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Different perspectives on the US decision to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II are how immoral it was to do. In Document 4 from 1945, it states, “This is a crime against God and humanity which strikes at the very basis of moral existence,” The author explains how heinous the idea of dropping the bomb was. Any one with morals would be against such thing because of the destruction one bomb can make and how it can annihilate anything in its path. It was pure cruelty to drop a bomb that powerful on any one, it wasn’t war or murder it would be consider nihilism because of destruction that occurred. Another perspective was of a GI soldier, in Document 5 and how the bomb was a relief to soldiers and their family.

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Judgment at Nuremberg is a movie which was directed by Stanley Kramer and was written by Abby Mann based on a true story of a tribunal that happened in Nuremberg, Germany in 1948 until 1949. The film with 179 minutes duration shows us the tribunal to trial four NAZI judges who were very famous in the NAZI era. They were Dr. Ernst Janning, (Burt Lancaster), Emil Hahn (Werner Klemperer), Warner Lampe (Torben Meyer) and Friedrich Hofstetter (Martin Brand). The judges who were presiding in the tribunal were Judge Dan Haywood (Spencer Tracy) with two other judges who were American judge and arrived in Nuremberg in 1948.

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Otto Adolf Eichmann was one of the most important members of the Nazi Party who was accused of crimes against the Jewish people and humanity during World War 2. After the war, he went to Argentina to escape prosecution but was captured there by Israeli agents and was transferred to Israel to be judged. During the trial, Eichmann’s defense was based on Kant’s duty-based ethical theory and categorical Imperative since he overstated many times that he was only following orders. By enouncing Kantian ethical theory, Eichmann acquitted himself from moral guilt. Kant’s categorical imperative as known as The Formula Of The End

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