The Importance Of Enzyme Kinetics

• Enzyme Kinetics

Enzyme kinetics Introduction It is the study of those reactions that are moderated by enzymes. In enzyme kinetics, the rate of reaction is measured and the effects of different conditions of the reaction are found out. Enzymes are protein in nature that moderate other molecules — the enzymes ' molecules . These target molecules bind to an enzyme 's activity site and are transformed into completed products through a series of steps known as enzymatic mechanism. These mechanisms can be divided into single-step and multiple-step mechanisms. Some other examples of enzymes are phosphofructokinase and hexokinase, both of which are important for cellular respiration (glycolysis)

• Explanation

Enzyme reaction is helpful in interpreting

Basically , enzyme speeds up the speed of a reaction by cause of at least a million as in comparison to the rate of the same reaction without the enzyme. Enzymes are extremely specific. Typically a particular enzyme catalyzes only a single chemical reaction or a set of closely related chemical reactions .For any catalyst enzymes do not change the equilibrium point of the reaction. The enzyme alters the forward and reverse reaction by specifically the same factor. One reason for the efficiency and specificity of an enzyme is the way the enzyme interacts with reactant molecule also known as the substrate.

The enzyme and substrate act together to form an enzyme-substrate complex. The interactions between the substrate and active site are frail, non covalent interactions (i.e. the substrate does not covalently bind to the active site but weakly interacts with it through interactions like hydrogen- bonding, van der Waals bonding. The orientation in which the two interact is highly constructive for helping in formation n of product after the formation of complex and going through different reaction steps ,it is actually the reason behind the specificity of the enzyme action as each enzyme has its own specific active site .which has a given and defined configuration with which no other enzyme can interact to form products due to that arrangement

As the reaction proceeds and substrate is consumed, the rate is also gradually slowed down .To measure the initial rate, enzyme compositions are traditionally carried out while the reaction has produced only a few percentile of the reactive material towards complete products formation. The period of the initial step depends on conditions of the reaction and can vary from milliseconds to hour duration. However, equipment for rapidly aqueous liquids allows fast kinetic measurements on initial rates of less than one second

Single Substrate Mechanism

Enzymes with single-substrate mechanisms include isomerases such as triosephosphateisomerase or bisphosphoglycerate mutase intramolecular lyases such as adenylate cyclase .Catalase is an example of the as the enzyme reacts with a first molecule of hydrogen peroxide Although a single substrate is involved existence of a modified enzyme intermediate means that the mechanism of catalase .

Michalis Menten