ipl-logo

Krashen's Second Language Acquisition Theory

1232 Words5 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: Three language acquisition theories

Krashen’s second language acquisition theory (Monitor Model) was the first theory about second language acquisition (SLA) that made clear how we acquire language. The Monitor theory is the theory that had the most influence in second language research and since 1980s has influenced SLA significantly. Despite its importance, the Monitor Model has received a lot of criticism.
The monitor Model in some cases is also called the “Natural Theory” as the term “natural” is used to emphasize the fundamentals behind the effective second language acquisition.
2. Krashen’s five hypotheses about second language acquisition
The second language acquisition theory consists of five hypotheses: the acquisition – learning hypothesis; the natural order hypothesis; …show more content…

Language acquisition is the subconscious system by which we incorporate the second language and by emphasizing on the meaning rather than the form of the language. In most of the times, the learner is unaware he is acquiring language although he is aware of the fact that he is using language to communicate. A further description was made by S. Krashen (1982, p.10) on his acquisition theory. He concluded that the learner is generally not consciously aware of the rules of the grammar he has acquired. One other aspect, the acquired competence, which is the result of language acquisition, is also considered subconscious. Acquisition is as well described as the naturalistic …show more content…

At the final part of this hypothesis Krashen says that in order to speak the learner has to be provided with comprehensible input. Krashen says that speaking fluency is something that cannot be taught directly. Rather, it "emerges" over time, on its own (1982, p.23). Early speech happens when the learner feels it is the “right time”. This feeling however, it differs from learner to learner. Moreover, it is noticed that early speech is frequently not grammatically accurate. Accuracy can be achieved over time as the learner comes across more input.
2.4 The monitor

Show More
Related
1304 Words | 6 Pages

Summary: Chapter 2 Chapter two dives into the concept of learning. As mentioned in the previous chapter, learning is the study of changes in behavior produced by experience, so when studying learning it is vital to examine how events in the environment change an individual’s behavior. Many scientists consider learning to be a natural phenomenon, they make their case based on four assumptions. The first assumption being that natural phenomena’s do not just happen, but instead they are caused as the result of some other event. The second assumption is that causes precede effects.

Read More
695 Words | 3 Pages

From these observations came a basic knowledge, which unlocked the ability to learn more. Following the creature’s

Read More
1005 Words | 5 Pages

By viewing things from such perspective, we may be able say instinct could be considered as factor that led

Read More
1507 Words | 7 Pages

This essentially means that ingrained variations between individuals are also innate (McGinn, “All in Our Heads”). Additionally, by appealing to the uniformity of behaviors across cultures and the

Read More
776 Words | 4 Pages

The experiential source hypothesis and cultural source hypothesis are two opposing theories for the acquisition of human knowledge, understanding, and belief. The experiential source hypothesis suggests that all knowledge and cognitive abilities are derived from personal experiences with the world. According to this hypothesis, our understanding of the world is built up gradually through our sensory experiences and interactions with the environment. In contrast, the cultural source hypothesis suggests that human knowledge and cognition are shaped primarily by cultural factors, including language, education, and socialization. This hypothesis suggests that our understanding of the world is largely determined by the culture in which we live, and that our cognitive abilities are shaped by the cultural practices and beliefs that surround us.

Read More
1157 Words | 5 Pages

4a, 1998). These collected utterances are then used to analyze the components of language. This form of observational assessment can be beneficial in providing an assessor with information regarding a person’s phonological processes, level of vocabulary, and for individuals up to age five years, mean length of utterance (van Kuelen, et.al. 4a, 1998).

Read More
149 Words | 1 Pages

Learning how to speak wasn’t a challenge although I was raised in Texas until the age of three, both my parents have strong Maine accents, and my maternal grandmother was born and raised in New Jersey so she has a cross between a Jersey and Maine accent. However by the age of four I had already been through Occupational Therapy and had Behavioral Therapy with SDI ( specially designed instructions). Also by the age of four I had been diagnosed with A.D.H.D( Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) and shortly medicated until I was age twelve. I attended a preschool that was geared towards all my needs such as sensory integration disorder and behavioral issues. Throughout my elementary education I had trouble with comprehending reading and

Read More
2548 Words | 11 Pages

Introduction Learning enables you as an individual, to gain more knowledge about something which you have never learned about. Learning also has to do with past experiences which are influenced by behavioural changes (Weiten, 2016). There are different types of ways to learn; through, classical conditioning, operant conditioning and observational learning which will be discussed and analysed in the essay.   Behaviourism Behaviourism is considered one of the main subjects in psychology and the two main people who founded behaviourism were, Burrhus Frederic Skinner, also known as B.F Skinner and Ivan Pavlov who were famous for the work they did on classical and operant conditioning (Moderato & Presti, 2006). According to Moderato and Presti

Read More
1165 Words | 5 Pages

The biological process of development is the budding of conventional stages and programmed designs of behavior. The child is anticipated to achieve knowledge “logically and instinctively” from peripheral sources only when maturation generates willingness for it [9]. The maturationist teacher works primarily as an observer to identify signs of development and as a provider of an environment that places little demands on the

Read More
1312 Words | 6 Pages

Nonetheless, Nic is able to complete all the tasks in this section mainly because of he need to use it often. Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, Robert Golinkoff and Justin Harris (Harris, Golinkoff, & Hirsh Pasek, 2011) emphasize the key principles in young children’s language development. Based of the principle, children learn the words and concepts they hear and use most often. This principle explains the reason why Nic is able to complete all the tasks given to him easily. Moreover, throughout the interaction with Nic, I realized that he is able to learn a new concept easily if I taught him the concept through stories.

Read More
1395 Words | 6 Pages

Perhaps visual and auditory perception starts as an innate concept, but as the brain matures, so does attention to detail. I do believe that interaction with the environment helps facilitate learning and adds to our understanding of how to manipulate the world around us. However, the initial perception of stimuli seems to largely be an innate construct that develops over

Read More
1404 Words | 6 Pages

INTRODUCTION Have you ever thought on how people explain about behaviour? How do we know when learning process has occurred? Learning is permanent change that happened in the way of your behaviour acts, arises from experience one’s had gone through. This kind of learning and experience are beneficial for us to adapt with new environment or surrounding (Surbhi, 2018). The most simple form of learning is conditioning which is divided into two categories which are operant conditioning and classical conditioning.

Read More
9762 Words | 40 Pages

2.0 INTRODUCTION Language development happens both inside the classroom (as part of a formal establishment, school or institute) and outside it. The classroom is generally considered a formal setting, and most other environments informal, with respect to language learning. “In environments where informal language development is adequate, it is possible to regard the formal classroom as supplemental, complementary, facilitating and consolidating”(Van Lier, 1988: 20). For second-language development in such environments the informal settings can be regarded as primary and the formal classroom as ancillary. The L2 lesson then becomes a language arts lesson, focusing on special language skills and cognitive/academic growth, much in the same way

Read More
1333 Words | 6 Pages

This innate system equips all children with a knowledge of this universal grammar. This predisposed knowledge allows them to acquire vocabulary and construct utterances of the language that they are hearing into sentences, so they hold the ability to understand the meaning of the language that they are hearing. From a nativist perspective, language acquisition is a natural human development and is automatic to all humans if they are provided and surrounded with sufficient linguistic information for them to

Read More
1000 Words | 4 Pages

Research Questions From the literature review, it was established that there were several factors affecting language learning and acquisition. More specifically, it was revealed that factors such as exposure at an early age, motivation, attitudes, incentives and educational system can influence language acquisition. However, most of the research were conducted in the west and were focused on students as subjects to the study and foreigners working in the country where they need to learn the language to lengthen their range of employment opportunity.

Read More

More about Krashen's Second Language Acquisition Theory

Related Topics

Open Document