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Latin American Colonies In The 19th Century

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Latin America, in the late 19th century, was a time for the flourishment of independent nation states and a new social and political view for the people that fought for independence. The structure of the colonies, in the colonial period, were established by a system based on race which influenced many aspects of life in Latin America and in the years to come. The Spanish and Portuguese set up administrative systems, such as the cabildos, viceroyalties, and audiencias in colonial Latin America, in order to manage local municipal governing and maintain rule by the crown. In order to extract resources from the colonies, the Iberian crowns set up a cascade system through which laws passed from the crown to be implemented by the cabildos. Occasionally, …show more content…

The Spanish knew indigenous people were accustomed to paying taxes and agricultural work. They used this knowledge to form an economy and get rich based on the exploitation of Indian and African manual labor. Products from gold mining, silver mining, and agricultural work were the foundation of export trade. In order to attempt to tighten up the administrative system, the two crowns aimed to extract more wealth from the colonies through tax increases. However, the wealthy colonists did not see the wealth from the tax increase and wanted to depart from the mother countries restrictions on trade. This would enable legal trade with the other countries. This sparked the notion of the politically active population in the colonies to seek control of their political lives and for …show more content…

Whites and their decedents were placed at the top of the social structure. Transients in commerce, trade, and military were middle class, and Indians, free Africans, enslaved indigenous and Africans were at the lower part of the social structure. Elites did not perform manual labor due to it being viewed as a sign of low social status. Labor was greatly needed in the colonies and as a consequence indigenous and Africans were forcibly placed into those roles. This arose the idea that the "whiter" the heritage a person could claim, the higher their status; on the contrary, darker features meant less opportunity. Additionally, women’s roles were effected by their race and social class. Women, through marriage and entering convents, and men, through military rank or becoming skillful in a craft, could establish honor and move up in the social

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Settling in the New World provided both the American settlers and the British government with many opportunities. For the colonists, North America provided an opportunity to improve their lives and escape religious persecution. For the British, settlers in North America provided access to raw materials and new markets in which to sell finished goods. This mercantilist relationship continued for several years, until the colonists began to question Parliament’s right to treat them differently than other British citizens. Taxes were imposed on the colonists as a means of helping to pay the debt Britain had incurred fighting the French.

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The British men gathered full control of the trading center present in the Americas, and created the Navigation Acts to help aid them in their tactics to take control over all trade within the Americas. The Navigation Acts were passed under a mercantilist system, and was used to regulate trade in a way that only benefitted the British economy. These acts restricted trade between England and its colonies to English or colonial ships, required certain colonial goods to pass through England before export, provided subsidies for the production of certain raw goods in the colonies, and banned colonial competition in large-scale manufacturing. This lowered the competition in the trading world for the British and caused the British to have a major surge in power, that greatly attributed to the growth of their rising empire. The British’s ambitious motives in the trading world help portray a way that the British took control of an important piece in the economy of all of the other nations present in the colonies in the time period, and shows another leading factor in the growth of the British empire.

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England and the colonies held one of the closest bonds the world had ever seen, much like a mother to her child. It seemed like nothing could ever break the bond that the two shared. England was perfect for the colonies, letting them grow in whatever way they wished and virtually live independently. However, the French and Indian War marked a turning point in the utopian relationship, causing tension between England and her child economically, politically, and ideologically. Prior to the French and Indian War, the colonies were pretty self sufficient in the economic realm.

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The European countries founded colonies in the Americas because they could buy cheap resources from their colonies, the colonies would serve as captive markets, and they could collect taxes from the colonists. Colonies were only allowed to trade resources with their mother country and their mother country wanted to buy resources as cheaply as possible. This meant that the colonists had to sell resources to their mother country at low prices even if they could sell their resources for more elsewhere. After buying resources from their colonies, the mother country would make refined goods to sell back to their colonies at a high price with a large profit. The colony would have to buy the goods from their mother country because they could not buy from anyone else, thus creating captive markets.

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