Gaillardetz addresses the laity at the end of Chapter three and in the final chapter where he gives his suggestions on how to further develop the teachings of Vatican II. How the church is going to move forward is going to be on the backs of the laity with the decreasing numbers of priests and religious across the world. Gaillardetz gives several suggestions for areas of theological reflection and possible reform; these are all subjective to the writer. The overlying theme is the need for further development of the lay ecclesial ministry. The best way to sum up the documents of Vatican II is in two final quotes from the book, one from Karl Rahner “every ecumenical council and every dogmatic formulation is both an end and a beginning.” The