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Operant Response Generalization Case Study

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1. When discussing programming of generality of behavior, with regards to training situation vs the target situation training situation refers to the settings in which the behaviour is initially strengthened, and the target situation refers to the settings in which we want the behaviour to occur 6. The teaching of a rule may facilitate operant stimulus generalization because generalization by teaching an individual to program common stimuli in different novel situations. The general factor for programming for generalization that seems to be operating is programming common stimuli. For example, telling a child not to play with their food during dinner at home can program the child to rehearse this rule in other settings such as restaurants and other people’s houses. 10. An example of an unlearned response generalization that is not in this chapter may include, if an individual learns how to walk, chances are they will be able to run/jog as well since the responses involved are similar to one another …show more content…

Three tactics for programming operant response generalization include: (1) Train sufficient response exemplar: A parent trying to help their children learn the alphabet, with prompting and reinforcement; they first taught their child how to pronounce each letter, than show them what it looks like, and then together sing the alphabet. (2) Vary the acceptable responses during training: During activity time, the children at school are asked to draw a picture of their friends. This allows them to become creative, whether they include details of toys, clothes and what not. (3) Capitalize on behavioural momentum: If a girl does not want to sit quietly in her seat, you can start by training her first to simply sit in her seat. After that is reinforced, she is more likely to listen to the second part

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Operant conditioning is a type of learning process where the strength of a client’s behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment. Dr. Foxx’s work with Harry is an example of operant conditioning because of the techniques he used with different levels of consequences, for example time out and physical reinforcements. With that being said Dr. Foxx used Harrys restraints as both positive and negative reinforcements. In addition, some of the examples Dr. Foxx used to work with Harrys problem behavior

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There are many sides to every story; poverty is no exception to the rule. Previously we examined the behavior effects of Dasani’s homelessness. This is a personal analysis of Dasani from a spiritual, environmental and cultural dimension. Consider the early years of slavery. African Americans were denied the ability to live without being physically abused and degraded.

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CFR Title 49 concerns transportation and is part of the Code of Federal Regulations, or CFR. This particular section is specific to the Departments of Homeland Security and Transportation, and spells out the regulations involved in those areas. This means it spells out standard operating procedures and 49 CFR training for those working with hazardous materials. What is 49 CFR Training?

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Summary: Chapter 2 Chapter two dives into the concept of learning. As mentioned in the previous chapter, learning is the study of changes in behavior produced by experience, so when studying learning it is vital to examine how events in the environment change an individual’s behavior. Many scientists consider learning to be a natural phenomenon, they make their case based on four assumptions. The first assumption being that natural phenomena’s do not just happen, but instead they are caused as the result of some other event. The second assumption is that causes precede effects.

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Operant conditioning is a condition in which the desired behavior or increasingly closer to the approximations to it are followed by a rewarding or reinforcing stimulus. “The fundamental principle of operant conditioning is that behavior is determined by its consequences. Behavior does not occur as isolated and unrelated events; the consequences that follow the actions of an animal, be they good, bad, or indifferent, will have an effect on the frequency with which those actions are repeated in the future,” (Laule 2). A reinforcement strengthens a response, reinforcement

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Nevertheless, Skinner points out that children learn nothing from the punishment. Instead, they may start to work out how to avoid it (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Another concept is classical conditioning (classical behaviorism) that emphasizes on the relation between stimuli and response. This concept embodies in a famous experiment, in which the food is presented to the dog when the bell rings, and the bell becomes a conditioned stimulus for the dog (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Likewise, if children receive toys in the condition that they behave well, then they will probably repeat this behavior to get the toys.

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Mirabelli uses example to show the inaccuracies of this claim. The first example Mirabelli presents is the skill it takes to memorize an entire menu. A waiter must memorize the entire menu, as well as have a full understanding of the menu. Mirabelli provides the reader with an example of what happens when the waiter does not have a full understanding of the menu. “Harvey then told me that a customer had asked him about the sauce, and since he could not explain what it was, the customer did not order it” (Mirabelli 150).

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Introduction Learning enables you as an individual, to gain more knowledge about something which you have never learned about. Learning also has to do with past experiences which are influenced by behavioural changes (Weiten, 2016). There are different types of ways to learn; through, classical conditioning, operant conditioning and observational learning which will be discussed and analysed in the essay.   Behaviourism Behaviourism is considered one of the main subjects in psychology and the two main people who founded behaviourism were, Burrhus Frederic Skinner, also known as B.F Skinner and Ivan Pavlov who were famous for the work they did on classical and operant conditioning (Moderato & Presti, 2006). According to Moderato and Presti

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Conclusion Operant conditioning is a theory which was developed by an American psychologist named B.F. Skinner. This theory has been known as a learning process. It applies to four different methods, that consists of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment and negative punishment. In this case positive is seen as something being added and negative as something being taken away.

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The major key findings that were discovered in this study include the idea that it is possible that after being conditioned to react to a certain stimulus, the subject could possibly begin to generalize different objects that may cause the subject to react the same way towards the generalized stimuli as the subject did to the original stimulus. Another finding is that classical conditioning is something that could potentially have a long lasting effect on someone, especially if the subject formed a generalization to the original stimulus. The researchers felt that because of the lack of experimental evidence provided about the subject before this experiment prompted them to research it

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Link to reality: Both Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning and Pavlov’s theory of classical conditioning can be used every day in an ECCE setting. Today many school systems and childhood authorities follow Skinner’s and Pavlov’s theory by using the approach of positive reinforcement. This encourages good behaviour in the child making the behaviour more likely to be repeated again as they are rewarded and praised for their efforts in reading, writing and general learning. It is important that children’s efforts in a learning setting are rewarded as this will encourage the child to perform to the best of their ability.

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Introduction of the Theory (History) Social Learning Theory was introduced by Albert Bandura in year 1977 ( McLeod, 2011). Social Learning Theory was mainly talking about how environmental factor influence the social behavior of an individual. An individual will simply observe and imitate the behaviors or actions of nearby people.

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Behaviorists believe that our responses to environmental stimuli shapes our behaviors. John Watson believed that if he were given infants, then he would be able to make one a thei,

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INTRODUCTION Have you ever thought on how people explain about behaviour? How do we know when learning process has occurred? Learning is permanent change that happened in the way of your behaviour acts, arises from experience one’s had gone through. This kind of learning and experience are beneficial for us to adapt with new environment or surrounding (Surbhi, 2018). The most simple form of learning is conditioning which is divided into two categories which are operant conditioning and classical conditioning.

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In its most general sense, Behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning developing as a result of the ideas and beliefs shared by a group of people who has influenced educators’ view of learning. The term behavioral psychology refers to a psychological approach which principally concerned with stimulus-response activities and emphasizes the role of environmental factors in a learning process, to the exclusion of own free will. There is a tenet of behavioral psychology that “only observable, measurable, an outward behavior is worth investigating” (Bush, 2006, p. 14). Historically speaking, behaviorism was originated in the 1880s and develops gradually in the twentieth-first century and beyond. Skinner and

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