Literature Review On Carpooling

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
There is substantial literature on experimental test of theory of Dutch auction for various resources distribution. Likewise with rising popularity of carpooling various research papers, articles and news have been published. This paper discuss about the carpooling by Dutch auction so we review a few papers on carpooling and Dutch auction.
The vital elements that determine the riding behavior of the riders includes the travel time, cost, convenience, household characteristics and availability (Margolin and Misch, 1978; Duecker et.al., 1977; Horowitz and Sheth, 1978). Various surveys revealed that the carpoolers travel remarkably farther to work than people who drive alone. Carpooling is mostly common with workers having low wages or less accessibility to private cars. Several researches have shown that the carpooling is related to the ratio of autos to workers within the household. Carpooling is inferior as compared to driving alone as it consumes a lot of time to pick up and drop off the passengers or simply to wait to get picked up. An increment in the household income increases the value of time, thus making carpooling least likely to people having high wages.

It states that formal carpooling came into existence in mid-1970s due to the oil crisis. Today people are not only facing fuel crisis but major problem of global warming caused by the CO2 emissions and running out of oil resources caused due by the rising number of use of vehicles. It mentioned that car pooling not only saves money on wear and tear of the auto but also saves money on gas, tolls and parking, oil resources and reduces all the harmful impacts on environment caused by driving. Carpooling can be taken as an effective means to reduce traffic congestion making rides faster and easier. It further discusses on how actually carpooling can be beneficial to people who find driving to work stressful as it alleviates frustration from travelling. Carpoolers can even find time for themselves such as preparing for meetings, pre-reading etc if not driving. Internet these days offers many online carpooling services which provide a better choice of people to share ride with and therefore greater time flexibility. Matching routes and time of departure and destination, gender preferences, passenger preferences are choices online carpooling services offers.
Government too has started taking ventures to promote carpooling. Some governments have launched High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes where vehicles with more than two passengers are only allowed to