Lycopene Lab Report

1. INTRODUCTION
Lycopene is natural red color pigment that builds up of photochemical that mostly found in a red colored fruits or vegetables such as tomato, pink guava, watermelon, papaya and pink grapefruits. In 1876, Millardet was first who discovered this red pigment in tomato and later on, Schunck named it as lycopene (Kong, et al., 2010). It belongs to carotenoid group with lack of beta ionic terminal ring. Due to this, lycopene been known as not a pro-vitamin A carotenoid groups which cannot convert lycopene to vitamin A (Kelkel, et al., 2010).
These red colored pigments have drawn attention recently among nutritionists since it has powerful antioxidant. It’s due to its ability to quench singlet oxygen and prevent oxidative damage

Food categories Proposed Food-uses Use-levels (mg/kg or mg/l) Food categories Proposed Food-uses Use-levels (mg/kg or mg/l)
Beverages Non-alcoholic flavored drinks 30 Milk and milk products Desserts including flavored milk products 15

Cereals and cereal products Viennoiserie, biscuits, cakes and wafers 20 Miscellaneous Sauces, seasonings, pickles and relishes 50

4. Preventive Effect of Lycopene toward Diseases Lycopene and its role in human health and have become an extremely wide topic where many researchers are working on. The protective effect of lycopene has been shown on many diseases.

4.1. Nutrigenomics and cancer

Due to free radicals attack biological molecules such as lipids, proteins, and DNA, the oxidative stress has been defined as dangerous.
On the contrary, oxidative stress also has a functional role in regulation of intracellular signal transduction and in physiologic adaptation. Thus, the suitable definition for oxidative tension may be as “a state where oxidative force exceeds the antioxidant systems due to loss of the balance between them” T. YOSHIKAWA and Y. NAITO. The generated excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to unrestrained oxidation leads. The major function of lycopene is in oxidative damage of DNA and lymphocytes and short term improvement in LDL oxidation point out from the diet based on therapy (Butt, et al.، 2014). In hypertensive patients, lycopene has found to reduce the levels of lipid peroxide malondialdehyde (MDA) at the same time as restore the antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), reduced glutathione (GSH). In addition, lycopene significantly effective to reduce MDA and rising GSH levels in coronary artery disease (Misra, et al.,