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Luther impact on history
Protestant reformation esay
Background of martin luther (role , impact and influence
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At the year 1524, Martin Luther, a significant figure in the Reformation and the founder of Lutheranism, had just finished hiding in Frederick the Wise’s Saxony castle after the Edict of Worms declared that he was an “outlaw” of the Holy Roman Empire. Luther’s action that led up to this event was the publication of the 95 Theses in 1517, which denounced indulgences and attacked the corruption of the papacy. Luther was able to remain hidden due to the extreme decentralization of the Holy Roman Empire. Emperor Charles V could not devote much of his attention to Luther, as he was controlling Spain, The Holy Roman Empire, and the New World.
1) The printing press, introduced between mid 1400s to early 1500s, allowed for ideas to spread more rapidly as well as impact a larger number of people since it allowed for material to be printed at a faster rate which highly contributed to the Reformation era. Luther wrote primarily in Latin; nonetheless, his writings were printed in German, which was significant because this translation of the New Testament not only promoted literary among the commoners, but it also gave them the ability to understand the word of God (“Luther” n.p.). 2) The important document written by Martin Luther in the early 1500s that outlined his position on the perceived “abuses” by the Roman Catholic Church was titled “The 95 Theses.”
Devoting his time to the Church, Martin Luther wrote 95 theses billeted on the Church door which requested for a disputation. Martin Luther truly was “unhappy with the Church,” and it also reads that “indulgences were payments to the Roman Church in return
This made Luther create a document called the the 95 Theses. The 95 Theses exposed the church in 95 different ways. Luther took this document very seriously. He even nailed the document to the door of the church so everyone could see.
Martin Luther was a Catholic monk at the University of Wittenberg in Germany. Luther was unhappy with the practice of selling indulgences (a pardon releasing a sinner from performing a penalty in exchange for money), so, on October 31, 1517, he nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg. These Theses were intended to encourage discussion about indulgences, but, with the help of the printing press, Luther’s 95 Theses gave rise to the Protestant Reformation (Document B).
Martin Luther then wrote the “95 Theses”, or “Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences”. This list was nailed on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, initiating the Protestant Reformation. However, Luther was not the only reformer. John Calvin agreed with Martin Luther, but believed that the church should be simple, removed of all icons, and also a stricter lifestyle.
Since Pope Leo X created indulgence system to finance the new St. Peter’s Basilica and Johann Tetzel collected the indulgences, he wrote the 95 Theses to indicate the pope’s abuses of power. He nailed this document to the church’s door in Wittenburg, Germany and expressed his opposition to the sale of indulgences. As Luther’s first public resistance to the papacy, this document argued that indulgences were sinful and did not grant salvation. The invention of the printing press spread his works and idea throughout Europe.
Theses, posted in 1517, criticized the sale of indulgences and called for a debate on issues of faith and authority within the Church. He emphasized the doctrine of justification by faith, rejecting the Catholic Church's teaching on the necessity of good works for salvation. Luther also advocated for the priesthood of all believers, asserting that all believers have direct access to God and the ability to interpret the Bible for
"95 Theses," a paper which spoke against the pope using Indulgences for the Sacrament of Reconciliation. His paper spoke of how the Bible should be the main guide for Christians and that faith rather than good deeds was the way to Heaven. He nailed the paper to the door of the Church, making the topic up for debate. Within years Luther had gathered enough followers to begin their own churches in Germany.
Martin Luther was said to begin the Protestant Reformation after he wrote his “95 Theses.” This book explained Martin’s beliefs that the Bible is the center of religious authority, and that humans can achieve Heaven if through their faith, disregarding the good or bad deeds they have done in the past. The church on the other had, was getting too involved in politics and losing its focus on religion and faith. The combination of political manipulations and the rising of church power and wealth lead to a drastic downfall in the church. This lead to the vulnerability of church leaders and caused them to make poor decisions.
An indulgence was a donation to the church that came with a promise from the pope to reduce a sinner’s time in purgatory. Seeing his parishioners handing over money they did not have, did not sit well with Luther. All for a paper that he believed to be pointless. So he replied with the 95 Theses against indulgences and then placed them to the church door for all to see on October 31, 1517. This led to a number of debates with other men of the strong opinion, during this time Luther 's positions became increasingly harsh.
By questioning the sale of indulgences and arguing that the pope does not have complete authority over forgiveness of sins and, to a larger extent, salvation, Luther established a precedent for the word of the Church to be called into question rather than it having absolute authority. Given that Luther opens his 95 Theses with “out of love and concern for the truth,” it is clear that his intentions are not necessarily to completely undermine the authority of the Catholic Church, but rather to open a dialogue between the Catholic Church and its faithful on what is actually true in regards to God. The collective judgment of the Catholic community, particularly those who did not have positions of power in the Church, would then have a much greater effect on the direction in which the Catholic Church took than it would have before Luther’s 95 Theses.
On All Saints Day, October 10th, 1517, Martin Luther wrote a lengthy letter named as “The Ninety-Five Theses” to the Bishop Albert of Mainz (“Martin Luther”). This letter stated that the Bible is the central authority of the Protestant religion and one can attain salvation by their loyal faith to God. “The Ninety-Five Theses” letter became a huge impact for the Protestant Reformation, and it was one of the major reasons why this religion was spread around Europe; however, it also focused on practices from Catholic churches about baptism and absolution (“Martin Luther”). The Protestants used the letter to form their ideas about God and to start their own church denominations. In addition, Protestantism helped a lot during this movement because its belief is that God saved everyone by His faith to Jesus Christ, himself.
Homelessness and the Viability of Grassroots Sustainability Programs According to National Resources Defense Council, “40 percent of food in the United States today goes uneaten” (Gunders 4). As good, edible food is being discarded, a survey by the United States Department of Agriculture revealed that, “97 percent [of people who identify as having very low food security] reported that…food…did not last, and they did not have money to get more” (“Definitions Of Food Security”). Food Forward, a local food recovery and food-sharing organization, simultaneously tackles these two issues by recovering excess produce from private properties, public spaces, farmers, and wholesale markets, and sharing them to the most food insecure in California, the
These ideas prompted many Catholics into finally correcting the church themselves and seeking Reformation. Martin Luther became the leading figure of the Reformation because he had openly challenged the authority of the Pope and attacked the practice of indulgences in his “Ninety-Five Theses” letter. Several other prominent Theologians such as John Calvin and Huldrych Zwingli seized upon Luther’s beliefs and Reformation swept across 16th century Europe, leading eventually to
