Marx and Engels wrote that capitalist globalization was completely eroding the foundations of the international system of states in the mid-1840s. Conflict and competition between nation-states had not yet over in their view but the main fault-lines in future looked certain to revolve around the two main social classes: the national bourgeoisie, which controlled different systems of government, and an increasingly cosmopolitan proletariat. Over revolutionary action, the international proletariat would insert the Enlightenment principles of liberty, equality and fraternity in an exclusively new world order which would free all human beings from exploitation and domination. Many traditional theorists of international relations have pointed to the failures of Marxism or historical materialism as an explanation of world history. Marxists had undervalued the vital importance of nationalism, the state and war, and the implication of the balance of power, international law and diplomacy for the structure of world politics. Marx and Engels, perceptive nevertheless they were about the march of capitalist globalization and growing economic disparities, could not have predicted. For instance, Lenin supposed that capitalism initiated national disintegration as well as extraordinary advances in globalization, but that does not essentially mean that Marxism suggestions the best description of how globalization and disintegration have outspread in cycle in modern times and particularly