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Masculinity And Femininity In Things Fall Apart

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Masculinity and femininity are archetypes that are seen on a broad spectrum around the world but are complex and different in every situation. Chinua Achebe’s African novel Things Fall Apart demonstrates how masculinity and femininity are defined by Okonkwo and traditional Umuofian society by providing explicative examples of flashbacks, symbolism, and character foils throughout the novel. To begin, the author uses flashbacks in regards to Okonkwo’s childhood and his connection with his father. To demonstrate “He had resented his father’s failure and weakness… a playmate had told him that his father was an agbala” (Achebe 13). The term agbala is defined in context as a “woman; or man who has taken no title” (Achebe 211). When the author uses …show more content…

First “And he told them stories of the land, stories… masculine stories of violence and bloodshed. Nwoye knew that it was right to be masculine and to be violent, but somehow he still preferred the stories his mother used to tell” (Achebe 53). Here, Achebe is using folktales as a symbol to represent femininity. To Okonkwo, masculinity is seen as violence gruesome events, in contrast to his wives who tell folktales. In regards to society, folktales are most commonly told by women; therefore being a strong representation of femininity. Achebe emphasizes Okonkwo’s stance on masculinity and femininity by providing the example of violence and bloodshed. Along with folktales, yams are common symbol seen throughout the novel. To demonstrate, “His mother and sisters worked hard enough, but they grew women’s crops, like coco-yams, beans, and cassava. Yam, the king of crops, was a man’s crop” (Achebe 22-23). When evaluating this quote, it is evident that Okonkwo has a definite definition of masculinity and femininity. Okonkwo sees himself only worthy of yams due to the fact that society has an ideal image of manliness. Okonkwo did not inherit any yams from his father, and his father was seen as weak and feminine; therefore, he will only plant what will repair the damage done to his image by his father. Yams are constantly mentioned throughout the novel; however they are not always mentioned by Okonkwo. Both Okonkwo and society view yams in the same way, as a sign of masculinity. In Things Fall Apart, it is common for a child to inherit yams, and for the most abundant yam holders to be seen as the most masculine throughout the

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Okonkwo constantly struggled to create the same masculine character in Nwoye that he made for himself and constantly found a reflection of his effeminate father, Unoka, in Nwoye. Chapter two describes the relationship between Okonkwo and Nwoye in Nwoye’s youth. “Okonkwo’s first son, Nwoye, was then twelve years old but was already causing his father great anxiety for his incipient laziness... He sought to correct him by constant nagging and beating” (13-14). Okonkwo’s efforts to change Nwoye’s resemblance of Unoka were causing their relationship to be pushed apart because of Okonkwo’s violence and Nwoye’s resistance.

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Okonkwo was a big supporter of physical and verbal abuse in his home, especially towards his wives and Nwoye. To Okonkwo, physical abuse was another language. This is how he spoke, and punished, on the occasion of the abuse, and how he had handled the situation. Women was treated poorly in Umuofia because men believe that they were weak and in inadequate. “ Even as a little boy Okonkwo had represented his father 's failure and weakness, and even now he still remembered how he had suffered when a playmate had told him that his father was Agbala.

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In most fairy tales and novels a humble male role is used to dictate the normality of writing. In “Things Fall Apart” by Chinua Achebe, Okonkwo, a strong male role is not only that, a lead character, but he is also cruel and prone to violent tendencies In the novel Okonkwo experiences harsh changes when the white men first came and at the beginning of colonialism. In “Things Fall Apart”, Achebe uses Okonkwo to display the negative change in everyday Igbo culture after colonialism. In this novel by Achebe, before colonialism was introduced, Okonkwo was a known masculine member of Umuofia.

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Memorable Quotes “Yam stood for manliness, and he who could feed his family on yams from one harvest to another was a very great man indeed”(Achebe 33). Throughout the novel, yam is mentioned pretty consistently. This emphasizes masculinity which help define Okonkwo and his character. The quote shows how important it is to Okonkwo to show status and masculinity to the people of his village.

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Nwoye, although he is a male, is viewed as a very feminine character. Okonkwo’s dislike of “a woman for a son” (153) pushes Nwoye to the Christian Church and Okonkwo’s actions show the imbalance of respect and the dislike of women in a patriarchy. Although he is viewed as “womanly” and weak, Nwoye gains power through the Christian Church, joining “effeminate men clucking like old hens” (153). Indeed, the white religion is viewed as womanly also; however, the Christian religion proves to be a powerful force in changing the masculine ways of the Ibo tribe. This change symbolizes the influence and powerful impact women can have on traditional and masculine thinking.

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Nonetheless, he repeatedly wishes she was a boy (Achebe 56) in order to fit their patriarchy gender role. Men in the Igbo tribe role are scrutinize by their masculinity, and if you do not exhibit a barbaric persona, you are categorized weak like a girl. For instance, after Okonkwo had murdered Ikemefuna, he was going through a period of depression, asking himself "When did I become a shivering old women" (Achebe 56) This demonstrates the gender stereotype in the Igbo society as if women were the only one allowed to empathize or have feelings. Also, gender roles in the Igbo tribe hinders men from having their own identity.

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According to Okonkwo’s tribe, the Igbo, masculinity is being strong, aggressive, and nourishing. Femininity is being weak, loving, compassionate, and devotional. Achebe highlights the definitions of masculinity and femininity to show that Okonkwo’s hypermasculinity causes his downfall. Okonkwo is trying to act too masculine and by completely rejecting feminine qualities, he sets up his destiny to be his downfall. The first instance in which things fall apart for Okonkwo is when a tribute from another village has to stay with Okonkwo for three years.

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Among those of the same culture, individuals who are adaptive and open-minded can be successful when there is cultural collision. When the Igbo and European cultures collide, Okonkwo gradually spirals out of control, losing everything he values and his own sense of self. From the beginning of the novel, Achebe depicts Okonkwo as a virile warrior and a successful farmer within the Igbo tribe. Reacting with violence to anything he considers “womanly” or “weak”, “He was a man of action and man of war” (10). Because of his reputation as a warrior he is highly respected by his community.

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A struggle for power between any two or more groups of people in a society can lead to more damage and sever relations between people. Moreover, it can lead to tragic endings, much like the way Okonkwo’s relationship with Nwoye was lost forever. The concept of men being superior and women being inferior and weak is seen in many cultures, including Igbo society. Because gender roles have both advantages and disadvantages, gender-specific stereotypes are integrated in many different societies, similar to the ones prevalent in

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His fear of weakness and failure is derived from his father, Unoka’s failures, which ignite Okonkwo’s misogynistic views. Throughout his lifetime, Okonkwo associates femininity with weakness because of Unoka, who was called an “agbala” or woman by the people of Umuofia. Since women have this reputation for weakness, Okonkwo lives with constant fear that he will be given the same title as his father. Okonkwo’s first son, Nwoye’s effeminacy reminds Okonkwo of his own father. He says, "I have done my best to make Nwoye grow into a man, but there is much of his mother in him ."(Achebe, 66).

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979 Words | 4 Pages

All of these forms of symbolism help shape the themes and conflicts that arise in the characters lives. The author of Things Fall Apart refers to the cultivation of yams when describing Okonkwo and how masculine he is because of his barn full of yams. The author also refers to yams as being the king of the crops, in an attempt to show how important it is to the Umufio society. Okonkwo’s mood also changes based off of how his crops are doing or what season it is when it comes to harvesting.

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1890 Words | 8 Pages

Fear is the core cause of the dramatic shift of lifestyle for both Okonkwo and Nwoye. Through the management of reputation and the avoidance of their father’s likeness, Okonkwo and Nwoye built new lives for themselves. Okonkwo sought power and authority to prove his masculinity and make up for Unoka’s reputation as a weak man. He did this to the point where manliness became his character. Fearlessness and violence were masculine qualities that in Igbo culture signifies strength and influence.

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988 Words | 4 Pages

Every race, culture and civilization of the past can be studied based on their definition of masculinity. Many cultures that worshiped Gods that were considered feminine will have a history of the actual human females being treated lesser than men and men’s other more valued possessions. In ‘Things Fall Apart’, a Postcolonial tragedy written and published in 1959 by Chinua Achebe – The main character – Okonkwo, a male warrior and farmer of the Umuofia clan, a lower Nigerian tribe, is the epitome of ‘masculinity’. The story is set in the 1890s.

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878 Words | 4 Pages

Feminist Theory In Chinua Achebe’s “Things Fall Apart”, they recognize the life of the Igbos which are a tribe in the village of Umuofia during European colonization. There are many topics brought up in this book like the effects of colonization, culture and tradition, religion, race, etc. It is relatively easy to read “Things Fall Apart” as an anti-feminist text due to the face that the Igbo clan’s customs and traditions seem to side towards masculine features, such as power and strength. The novel is told through a male protagonist’s point of view in nineteenth century Nigeria, while women there do not have much rights, they do wield heavy influence over the leaders of the clan.

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He was a caring man down in his heart but “his whole life was dominated by the fear, the fear of failure and of weakness” (Achebe 13), and his mission to become one of the greatest men of his clan. Okonkwo was devoted to masculinity, he put it above anything else preventing anyone from questioning his masculinity. When he felt a slight sign of weakness it reminded him of his fathers failure to being a true man not providing for his family or ruling women and his children, therefore “he was not really a man” (Achebe 53).There were many traits to being a masculine man but to Okonkwo the main one was ruling his wife and children, if any of them had disobeyed him he would beat them without hesitation or regret. Although Okonkwo is influenced by masculinity it is because the Ibo culture believes in men dominating women which leads their society to fall

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