Meno's Paradox
Introduction “Of what use is the memory of facts, if not to serve as an example of good or of evil?” (Alfred de Vigny). Memory encodes various pieces of information that can be utilized in an enormous amount of situations to benefit people. However, memory is also fallible. It alters and creates new memories, changing the original encoded data for unknown reasons.
Atkinson, R. C., and Shiffrin, R. M. Some speculations on storage and retrieval processes in long-term memory. Technical Report 127, Institute for Mathematical Studies in the Social Sciences, Stanford University, 1968. Thorndike, E. L. (1898). Animal intelligence: An experimental study of the associative processes in animals.
Throughout the last five weeks, I have read three of Plato’s dialogues: the cave allegory, Euthyphro, and the Apology. While reading them, I was able to see Plato’s view of a philosophical life. To live philosophically is to question appearances and look at an issue/object from a new perspective. In this essay, I will explain Plato’s cave allegory, Socrates’ discussion with Euthyphro, and the oracle story in the Apology.
Socratic Views Versus Plato In the Euthyphro, Apology, and Crito, philosophers across the world tend to view them as “Socratic” views. As opposed to the Phaedo, where is it seen that Plato is representing his own views. Within this essay, the argument that the Phaedo is a completely separate philosophical entitity compared to the Euthyphro, Apology, and Crito will be disputed. Through textual evidence and comprehensive literary analysis, the exploration of differences will be clearly observable.
From 1940 to 1970, peaceful tactics such as the NAACP lawsuits, Montgomery Bus Boycott, and the Birmingham Children’s Crusade were most effective in bringing about change during the Civil Rights movement. Starting in 1940’s, The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) utilized peaceful lawsuits in the courts as well as in local legislature to challenge racial discrimination in education to bring about change (Norton, 767). The peaceful manner utilized by the NAACP to influence the Civil Rights movement allowed the African American community to effectively garner admission to professional as well as graduate schools at formerly segregated schools. In 1954 the NAACP continued to influence the Civil Rights movement by
Plato would have quickly learned that many don't understand what they pretend to, especially the Sophists, who were known to argue using fallacious arguments. As many didn't understand the concepts, Platonic truth often followed a style that was less accessible to the average individual. We also know from that excerpt that Plato believed there could only be what is known for what you don't know; you're aware that you don't know it, so the unknown is simply an extension of the
In Plato’s Meno, Socrates comes to the conclusion of his argument through the following five steps: To desire is to obtain something for oneself (M 77c). The possession of bad things causes self-harm (M 77e). Those who are harmed are miserable (M 78).
In conclusion, it is shown that the ethics of Socrates and Plato can be understood by examining the works of the Crito, Meno and Phaedo. Plato 's philosophical concept in these three dialogues is mostly about denying what the self wants, either normal things like food and earthly desires or trying to gain knowledge, and instead, choosing what is just and right. This is Plato’s concept of a good life. From this quest for knowledge, virtue is obtained, and this is the main goal of philosophy in Socrates ' mind. Laws must be made in accordance with wisdom by those who practice philosophy, and must seek to benefit the city as a whole.
Moreover, “a behavioural syndrome results showing not only semantic-memory impairment but also particular difficulty remembering past events as personal happenings” (Tulving, 1989). Lastly, in Endel Tulving’s conclusion to his article he states “traditionally held views about the unity of memory are no longer tenable. A more appropriate view seems to be that of multiple memory systems. Remembering one’s past is a different, perhaps more advanced, achievement of the brain than simply knowing about it” ( Tulving,
The existence and continual study of Socrates’ philosophy regardless of differing accounts is astonishing in itself since it survived not through the specific philosopher, but through other people. Which is a testament of the impact that a man, such as Socrates, can make. When we think of Plato, who is regarded as a father of western philosophy, we are quick to think of his major work The Republic, his student Aristotle, and his writing on Socrates. (We think of his writings on Socrates as mere footnotes in philosophical thought without examining them.) “Nothing comes from nothing,” Parmenides proudly claimed, and this philosophical doctrine applies to Plato’s thought.
Like a jigsaw puzzle; such as an interviewer may ask a person in a crime scene to assemble pieces of memory of the traumatic event. Frederic Bartlett’s theory of reconstructive memory helps us understand the reliability of eyewitness testimony. Bartlett says that memory recall is focused to subjective interpretation reliant on our cultural norms, values and the awareness of the world we have. Memory is believed to work like a camera, we store information like the camera is recording and playing the clip back is like remembering what was recorded; in the same format it was set. Though it doesn’t work like a camera as people construct and store information in a manner that makes it understanding to them.
Plato: Meno In the dialogue Meno, Socrates and a bright young man from a well-endowed family named Meno, undergo a lengthy discourse in the topic of virtue. Socrates questions Meno about his beliefs regarding virtue and uses his method of cross logical examination to challenge Meno’s claims in order to free him from such false beliefs and invites him to examine the essence of virtue together. Meno, then perplexingly questions Socrates about his own method of discovery through logical inquiry and puts forth a dilemma which argues that a person can neither inquire about what he knows, since he already knows it, nor can he inquire about what he does not know since firstly, he has no reference as to how to go about finding it, and secondly, he
The essence of life is not to make simple things complicated rather than making complicated things simple. Plato was one of the greatest philosopher during their time. He was good in dialogues and writing especially of those political views. One of the writer dialogue by Plato is the Allegory of the Cave, which discovered the symbolic predicament in mankind finding itself into the process/plan of salvation. We might to confused at all times because of our own doubt from choosing between two things; the right and the wrong, whether it is good or not.
The phrase “ignorance is bliss” has many different ways of being interpreted. The idea that what we do not know cannot hurt us, and that it is better to be in a situation whereby we are ignorant to the truth, rather than a situation where we know a hurtful truth, is one that can be debated at length. One of the best examples of the idea of “ignorance is bliss”, and the impact that the truth can have on people, is the Allegory of the Cave, a concept created by the Greek philosopher Plato in the fourth century BCE. The allegory shows how our perspective can change radically when given new information, and how that new information, when shared with others who are not aware of it, can give them a radically incorrect idea of the truth, when not taken in the proper context. Here, we will first explain the concept of this Allegory of the Cave, before interpreting its meaning and how it related to the greater ideals, values, and convictions that Plato and his philosophical works stood for during and after his lifetime.
The questions he poses are deeply profound, often leaving his converser lost for rebuttal as the meaning behind his statements can be, at first, difficult to decipher. A comparison can be drawn between the topics Plato discusses and the way in which he discusses them; just as it can be sometimes arduous to understand the connotation behind the assertions Plato makes in order to bolster his arguments for or against a certain issue, it can be just as (or even more so) difficult to understand the issue
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