Microorganisms In Distal Gut Microbiota

Microbial communities are located on every surface of the human body. However, they are located at their greatest degree of compactness in the distal gut. The microorganisms of the distal gut outnumber the entire amount of human cells by an incredibly large amount. Given that the gut microbiota serves a vital function in the human body it qualifies to be considered an organ specific to humans. Two of the main functions that the gut microbiota are responsible for are to generate ATP from nutrients and to regulate the human immune system. Changes in the normal microorganisms in the distal gut may result in disease, obesity, asthma, and many other illnesses. In fact, many of the issues that we Americans have with the disturbance of the normal

CDI as its original strain alone can lead to necessary surgical resection of the large intestine or even death, especially with the new strain of C. difficile that has the ability to produce resistance and toxins that are responsible for the increasing morbidity. The current treatment of CDI is reliant on the usage of antibiotics such as metronidazole and vancomycin. The issue with this type of treatment is that the individual runs the risk of developing a reoccurrence of CDI after the initial treatment is completed. Also in some instances individuals are also taking other antibiotics along with the previously listed antibiotic treatments, which in turn further increase the risk of reoccurrence. Since CDI obtains the ability to reoccur after treatment some individuals are diagnosed with chronic CDI that can last for an unknown amount of time. Studies have shown that individuals with reoccurring or chronic CDI typically have low levels of Bacteriodetes and abnormally high Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. However, after a successful fecal microbiota transplant these species deficiencies are

The successful cure of pseudomembranous colitis in those patients lead to the use of FMT to treat rapid reoccurrence of CDI after discontinuing antibiotics. FMT began with the use of fecal enemas, a silicon tube inserted through the nose as a short-term feeding tube, along with colonoscopy administration and it recorded a 90 % success rate of destroying the infection. Current standards for performing FMT include methods and the use of FMT, screening procedures, and material preparation. However, these standards are expected to change in the future. The most common administration route among individuals with CDI is transcolonoscopic infusion, although the administration depends on the seriousness of the individual’s illness. For example if an individual requires multiple infusions the doctor may decide that the enema would be a better treatment plan for that individual. One of the perks of treating with the fecal microbiota transplant is that the treatment has been reported to maintain the donor microbiota for up to 6 months compared to the oral probiotic which only lasts up to two weeks after treatment. Also FMT focuses on repairing or replacing unmanageable gut microbiota instead of just adjusting the metabolic activity of it like the probiotics do. A very significant part of the