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Mitosis Lab Report

1407 Words6 Pages

Eukaryotic cells divide and reproduce in two ways: mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is a process of nuclear division that chromosomes are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes. The purpose of mitosis is cell regeneration, growth, and asexual reproduction. Meiosis, on the other hand, is a special type of cell division which reduces the chromosome number by half. To achieve halving the genome, DNA replication is followed by two consecutive rounds of nuclear division during meiosis. The purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes for sexual reproduction. Meiotic recombination exchanges the genetic materials between homologous chromosomes. Each of the gamete cells has a unique mixture of maternal and paternal DNA, which results in genetic diversity …show more content…

In meiosis I, sister kinetochores bind to microtubules from the same spindle pole and homologous kinetochores bind to the opposite site. This phenomenon in meiosis I is called mono-orientation and is essential for reducing ploidy of cells. In meiosis II, sister kinetochores bind to the opposite poles like mitosis. If sister kinetochores are attached to microtubules from opposite poles, they would be under tension and all four sister chromatids would remain in the center of the nucleus. Even though arm cohesins could be removed, homologous chromosomes will fail to …show more content…

The core cohesin complex is composed of two structural maintenance of chromosome (Smc) subunits, Smc1 and Smc3, Scc3 and a kleisin subunit Scc1. In mitosis, cohesin provides resistance and generate tension to facilitate the attachment of sister chromatids to microtubules from opposite poles. Cleavage of Scc1 by separase during metaphase to anaphase transition opens the ring and allows sister chromatids separation. However in meiosis, Scc1 is replaced by a meiosis-specific protein Rec8, which changes the regulation of cohesin removal. While all the cohesins are removed during anaphase in mitosis, only the cohesins along chromosome arms are cleaved in meiosis I (Marston

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