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Mitosis Lab Report

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Mitosis is the process and development in which new cells divide, through cell division, consisting of four different stages; Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase. The concept of mitosis is to create new cells, by duplicating the contents of a parent cell nucleus into two new daughter cell nuclei. The cells are contain an identical number of chromosomes and genetic content of the original parent cell. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Mitosis. How exactly new cells are produced, is by DNA Replication, which is passed on to the steps of mitosis. See text book, Stages of Cell Division, page 35-37 (Dickinson, 2009). Themes that are discussed in this Lab Report are mitosis and differences in cell division in Parascaris, animal cells, and Allium Root Tip, plant cells. Questions to be answered and explained, see …show more content…

The roundworm and onion root tip cells are susceptible to mitosis stages, in addition, it is easier to cut a thin slice for observing under a microscope. It is much harder to see mitosis stages in leaf cells, under a microscope. In the Allium Root Tip, cells are definite, including viable root hairs, with significance of many cells in diverse stages of cell division of mitosis. Bone cells reproduce much slower than Parascaris and Allium Root Tip do, and because these cells are constantly growing, it is known that they are regularly going through mitosis. Bone cells are made up of connective tissue. They are not exposed to as many outside factors as epithelial cells, in skin cells, therefore not dividing as much as when needed. The Allium Root Tip cell average mitotic index, (the number of cells going through mitosis compared to the total number of cells), was greater than human bone cells. The way different cells react to mitosis, and stage length

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The stages of Meiosis II are: prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II. Meiosis generates four haploid cells, which begins with the division of one diploid cell. Diploid means having two sets of chromosomes, and haploid means having half the number of genetic information as diploid (or one set). To begin, late interphase is the phase when the DNA in the diploid parent cell is replicated. Then, in prophase I, the chromatin condenses and the chromosomes become visible.

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G1 is the main development period of the cell cycle. In G1, the cell plans to experience cell division. The cell still plays out the majority of its typical capacities, however begins to get greater. The cell then starts to make a duplicate of the cell parts (organelles). It additionally starts to create RNA and orchestrate proteins to prepare to separate.

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During the first cycle of replication in meiosis, Prophase is the same but crossing over occurs along side of the nuclear membrane dissolving, chromosomes developing, and the spindle fibers forming. Crossing over is the process in which homologous chromosomes from both parents pair up and exchange DNA. Also during metaphase and anaphase homologous chromosomes are separated and pulled to opposite sides. During this second cycle of replication the cells grows through Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II, and its final cycle of cytokinesis which is the exact same as during mitosis. I will play a quick review of this process.

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The haploid spores are produced in a sporangium. Each spore divides mitotically to produce a heart-shaped gametophyte. Male and female parts are developed on the same plant. Gametophyte is small in size and can photosynthesize. In order for the fertilization to take place, enough water should be available so that the sperm may swim to archegonia and fertilize the eggs.

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Upon conception, a collection of cells form into a little glob. At the base of this glob, four arches form. Neil goes into detail about how each arch develops into specific structures. It does not stop there. This pattern of embryo development does not only apply to humans.

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This root tip was choosen because of its rapid growth and it can be easily avaliable and grown in large numbers. The rapid root growth proved advantageous as it allowed the observation of multiple cells in each mitotic stage within a small sample. It was expected that the majority of the cells found would be in interphase as a large proportion of the cell division cycle is spent with the cell performing its normal cellular functions. Materials: The Materials required for this experiment include; a

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The mitochondria divide by binary fission, (Toit, 2015)which is very similar to prokaryote cell division, while the eukaryotic cell divides by mitosis or meiosis (in gonad cells). In meiosis the embryo gets all of its mitochondria from the mother’s

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In the next process, telophase l, the nuclear envelope is forming and two haploid daughter cells with 23 chromosomes, are created after the process of Cytokinesis, which is the cytoplasmic process of cell separation. Interkinesis is the period of rest and then the process proceeds to interphase ll. In interphase ll, there is no replication of the DNA since that had already occurred in meiosis l, but the cell does in fact grow. In prophase ll, the nuclear envelope disintegrates and the centrioles line up. In metaphase ll, the chromosomes line up along the equator and the microtubules attach to the

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The outcome of decreased Cdc13 levels didn't change premeiotic S-phase but inhibited the meiotic nuclear divisions. Next, they looked ati the roles of the G1/S mitotic cyclins cig1, cig2 and puc1 in the meiotic cell cycle. Cig2 was important one, since the absence cig2 delays progression into premeiotic S-phase and meiotic nuclear divisions and caused defects in the zygotes of meiosis II. They then looked at meiotic cyclins and discovered that Rem1 and Crs1 cyclins have no essential roles in meiotic cell cycle when the mitotic cyclins are present. After they look at mitotic cyclins during meiosis and the results showed mitotic and meiotic cyclins are required for meiotic cell cycle progression.

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All stem cells, regardless of their source, have three general properties. They are capable of dividing and renewing themselves for long periods, they are unspecialized and they can give rise to specialized cell types. Additionally, under defined conditions, embryonic stem cells are capable of spreading themselves indefinitely.

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Problem: What do you think plant and animal cells will look like through a microscope? Hypothesis: While looking through the microscope, I think that the onion cell will look like multiple cells stacked on top of each other with some of its organelles visible. The plant cells will look more like they have a definite shape than the animal cells.

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Chromosomes become visible in the center of cell and the centrioles separate and begin forming a spindle fiber apparatus. 3. Metephase- Centrioles are opposite poles, replicated chromosomes line up at equator & spindle fibers attach to centromeres that hold chromatids together. 4.Anaphase- Pulls apart!

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Describe the processes of mitosis and meiosis in details and their functions 
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Cytokinin ratio was rather moderate. There was still a moderate concentration of auxin present in the media, and auxin is a rather powerful hormone. Which allows it to be active even at lower concentrations, initiating the formation of root meristems. Secondly, when we cut the explants and placed them in the media, the explants had first a callus formed as a wound response. Once the callus had formed in response to the wound/cut, the auxin concentration stimulated the formation of root

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