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Mni Sota Dakota History

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Mni Sota, micoke – Dakota translation as ‘home of the cloud tinted waters’, Minnesota - Known by North Americans as the ‘Land of 10,000 Lakes’, lies at the northern end of the Mississippi River and the westernmost point of the inland waterway that extends through the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway to the Atlantic Ocean. The Ojibwe and the Dakota were among the Native people who first made this land their home. European settlement in the area began in1820 with the establishment of Fort Snelling. By 1849, Minnesota became a U.S. territory and on May 11, 1858, Minnesota entered the Union of the United States. The settlers flooded in. The Dakota were being squeezed into smaller areas. Moving from previously prime hunting and fishing grounds to increasing smaller non-productive reservations, harsh winters and low supplies created times that that left many native families hungry and frustrated.
Throughout the 1800’s, treaties were negotiated with the Dakota and the U. S. Government and native lands were exchanged for money, farming supplies and debt payments. These treaties were not in favor of the native population. By the late 1850’s, treaty violations by the United States and late or unfair annuity payments by Indian Agents, those authorized to interact with natives on behalf of the U.S. Government, caused increasing hunger and hardship among the Dakota. Traders …show more content…

government broke its promises, some of the Dakota Indians went to war against the white settlers. Many Dakota did not join in, choosing to aid and protect settlers instead. The fighting lasted six weeks and many people on both sides were killed or fled Minnesota. Former Minnesota governor Henry Sibley led an expedition of soldiers and Dakota scouts against the Dakota warriors. The war ended on December 26, 1862, when thirty-eight Dakota Indians were hanged in Mankato in the largest mass execution in U.S. history. Afterwards the government forced most of the remaining Dakota

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North Dakota is the most rural of all the states, with farms covering more than 90% of the land. It’s known for its rich oil from fosses that were left behind after Lake Agassiz dried up. In the book North Dakota History by Neil Howe, he explains how during the last Ice Age, northern North America was covered by a glacier, which alternately advanced and deteriorated with variations in the climate. Before the Ice Age, North Dakota had a sub-tropical climate much like Florida is today. This continental ice sheet covered much of central North America between 30,000 and 10,000 years ago (Howe 33).

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There were thirteen hundred Dakota still in captivity at Fort Snelling. Those remaining were taken by steamboat to the Crow Creek reservation in May 1863. The reservation was a land with no lakes, drought stricken desolation, with little to no timber. Shultz writes, “Nothing grew there. Nothing could grow there.

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Dakota State University invites the public to attend a community gathering honoring the Dakota 38 +2 Memorial and Reconciliation Ride on Monday, December 14th, at 4:30 p.m. on the DSU campus in the Trojan Center Marketplace. A short program is scheduled, and Gene Hexom, the Madison mayor, will be in attendance. The tradition of the Dakota 38 + 2 ride started in the spring of 2005 after Jim Miller, a Native spiritual leader and Vietnam veteran, dreamt of riding on horseback across the plains of S.D. At the end of the dream, he arrived at a riverbank in Minnesota and saw 38 of his Dakota ancestors.

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Native Americans who emigrated from Europe perceived the Indians as a friendly society with whom they dwelt with in harmony. While Native Americans were largely intensive agriculturalists and entrepreneurial in nature, the Indians were hunters and gatherers who earned a livelihood predominantly as nomads. By the 19th century, irrefutable territories i.e. the areas around River Mississippi were under exclusive occupation by the Indians. At the time, different Indian tribes such as the Chickasaws, Creeks, and Cherokees had adapted a sedentary lifestyle and practiced small-scale agriculture. According to the proponents of removal, the Indians were to move westwards into forested lands in order to generate additional space for development through agricultural production (Memorial of the Cherokee Indians).

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“Pressured by traders and threatened with military force, the Dakota were forced to cede nearly all their land in Minnesota and eastern Dakota in the 1851 treaties of Traverse des Sioux and Mendota.” (65) Wazyatawin’s statement is bitter and negative, not to say that the Minnesota Historical Society’s isn’t, but hers is more so. Evidently Wazyatawin writes in a more aggressive manner to appeal to her strongly opinionated audience, and herself, in comparison the the slightly more modest version of this message as presented by the Minnesota Historical Society. Another aspect to consider is the word choice in the pieces, and how that affects the overall

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The Poncas remained on their land until 1877, when the removal to tribes on Indian territory was enforced. More than half of the Ponca Tribe was killed during this

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In the late 1800s, tensions were rising between white Americans and Native Americans. The white Americans wanted the Native Americans to conform to their definition of civility. The Native Americans had clung tightly to their culture and religious practices during a time of continuous encroachment and governmental pressure by the white Americans. By this time, Native Americans had already been forced westward onto reservations through government action. Andrew Jackson had set this migration in motion earlier in the century, and the migration pattern would later be referred to as the “Trail of Tears”.

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Throughout the 19th century Native Americans were treated far less than respectful by the United States’ government. This was the time when the United States wanted to expand and grow rapidly as a land, and to achieve this goal, the Native Americans were “pushed” westward. It was a memorable and tricky time in the Natives’ history, and the US government made many treatments with the Native Americans, making big changes on the Indian nation. Native Americans wanted to live peacefully with the white men, but the result of treatments and agreements was not quite peaceful. This precedent of mistreatment of minorities began with Andrew Jackson’s indian removal policies to the tribes of Oklahoma (specifically the Cherokee indians) in 1829 because of the lack of respect given to the indians during the removal laws.

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