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Nucleophilic Substitution Lab Report

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In the presence of a nucleophile and good leaving group, an organic reactant in specific conditions is likely to undergo a chemical reaction, namely, nucleophilic substitution. Nucleophilic substitution consists of two different mechanisms, SN1 and SN2. In this experiment, SN2 is the mechanism tested. SN2 is a relatively fast, one-step mechanism in which the nucleophile attacks the organic reactant and the leaving group diverges from the reactant to become a weak base (Fig. 1). The overall speed of the reaction can increase based on the size or basicity of the nucleophile, or the bulkiness of the carbon group with the leaving group. On the other hand, SN1 is the multi-step, slow mechanism, relative to SN2. The environment of the organic reactant
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In nucleophilic substitution reactions, there are two possibilities, either Sn1 or Sn2. In this particular experiment, an Sn2 reaction

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It is understood the mechanism is acid-catalyzed where protons coordinate with the carbonyl oxygen to make the carbonyl carbon more electropositive for nucleophilic attack (Scheme 1). In the experimental procedure all reactants were added together, this is inefficient as the protons can coordinate with either trans-cinnamic acid or methanol. Coordination with methanol is unnecessary as it reduces its nucleophilicity and makes less protons available to coordinate with the carboxylic acid. To improve

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Nucleophilic substitutions involve a reaction between an electron pair donor with an electron pair acceptor. The second type of nucleophilic substitution is called second-order nucleophilic substitution (Sn2). This experiment involves an Sn1 mechanism only. This reaction is considered

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