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Operant Conditioning

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During our developmental stages, we experience different learning processes that result in a range of behaviors. Two of the well known associative learning processes that are continuously studied are Operant Conditioning and Classical Conditioning. In our everyday activities we are constantly experiencing one, if not both learning theories. These theories have played an important role in our medical advancements such as in research and improvement in medicine. Burrhus Fredric Skinner developed operant condition which is process of “learning from the consequences of our behavior through positive or negative reinforcements” (Ayers, 2011, p. 379). An “operant” is some unit of behavior or voluntary response (Wallace, 1970, p. 39). A reinforcement …show more content…

Students are always praised when they display good behavior or good grades. For instance, teachers always encourage their students to study hard in order to get excellent grades. These good grades will result in students being part of the Honor Roll list who were rewarded every semester with a pizza party. Here, the positive reinforcement was the pizza party. In order to attend the pizza party, students had to display outstanding grades which results in their constant effort to study (the operant). This scenario creates a positive behavior that increases its occurrences. The students are more motivated to study and excel in school because their actions will be rewarded with a positive …show more content…

Here, each student depending on their group was shown a beige or blue pen (the neutral conditioned stimulus) on a slide show and had to enter a room where like or dislike music (unconditioned stimuli) was played. The students were divided into four groups; Group 1 was given the beige pen on a slideshow with liked music, Group 2 was given the beige pen on the slideshow with disliked music, Group 3 was given the blue pen on the slideshow with liked music and Group 4 the blue pen with disliked music. Each group entered the rooms to view their corresponding slideshows with their assigned type of

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Operant conditioning is a type of learning process where the strength of a client’s behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment. Dr. Foxx’s work with Harry is an example of operant conditioning because of the techniques he used with different levels of consequences, for example time out and physical reinforcements. With that being said Dr. Foxx used Harrys restraints as both positive and negative reinforcements. In addition, some of the examples Dr. Foxx used to work with Harrys problem behavior

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In chapter 7, I found the concept of punishment to be most intriguing. Punishment is a part of operant conditioning which was theorized by B.F. Skinner. Punishment is often confused with negative reinforcement. However, the main difference between the two is: while the goal of reinforcement is to increase the likelihood of a behavior, the primary goal of punishment is to reduce the chances of the behavior it follows. In 1938, Skinner concluded that punishment produces only temporary suppression of behavior but later research found that effects may be permanent.

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Operant conditioning is a condition in which the desired behavior or increasingly closer to the approximations to it are followed by a rewarding or reinforcing stimulus. “The fundamental principle of operant conditioning is that behavior is determined by its consequences. Behavior does not occur as isolated and unrelated events; the consequences that follow the actions of an animal, be they good, bad, or indifferent, will have an effect on the frequency with which those actions are repeated in the future,” (Laule 2). A reinforcement strengthens a response, reinforcement

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1. Is the narrator reliable? Why or Why not? Choose specific details to explain.

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POSITIVE REWARD PROGRAM “Students will earn privileges, not lose them!” Lou Thompson (Following months of therapy.) Lou KNEW the program would not work. (“Our Conduct Disordered, Assaultive student will blow it off.”)

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05.06 Discussion-Based Assessment The first thing we discussed was classical conditioning. It sort of all started after Pavlov’s experiment with the dogs. John B. Watson, a psychologist, began his testing on emotional conditioning. John’s theory was that people are not born with a fear of objects.

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Operant conditioning is how you are basically trained behaviors with reward/punishment. In kindergarten we are taught to raising our hands when we want to speak. I clearly remember our teacher punishing students for blurting out instead of raising their hands. My teacher took away recess time.

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Introduction Learning enables you as an individual, to gain more knowledge about something which you have never learned about. Learning also has to do with past experiences which are influenced by behavioural changes (Weiten, 2016). There are different types of ways to learn; through, classical conditioning, operant conditioning and observational learning which will be discussed and analysed in the essay.   Behaviourism Behaviourism is considered one of the main subjects in psychology and the two main people who founded behaviourism were, Burrhus Frederic Skinner, also known as B.F Skinner and Ivan Pavlov who were famous for the work they did on classical and operant conditioning (Moderato & Presti, 2006). According to Moderato and Presti

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Skinner demonstrated this idea with his "Skinner Box" experiment. The skinner box, as the name implies, is a closed box that contains a lever or buttons that an animal can push or pull in order to obtain reward (food in this case) as a type of reinforcement. So, how does both Classical and Operant Conditioning translate to real world experiences? In Classical conditioning, the brain can be conditioned to perform a task or a response by providing a stimulus.

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Conclusion Operant conditioning is a theory which was developed by an American psychologist named B.F. Skinner. This theory has been known as a learning process. It applies to four different methods, that consists of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment and negative punishment. In this case positive is seen as something being added and negative as something being taken away.

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Skinner in this sense, pointed out that our mind is much greater than a machine which can be conditioned. He described the concept of operant conditioning. He suggested that operants are our intentional actions that may result in specific behaviours. He explained the concept of reinforcing behaviours in order to strengthen their use, as well as weakening a particular

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Link to reality: Both Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning and Pavlov’s theory of classical conditioning can be used every day in an ECCE setting. Today many school systems and childhood authorities follow Skinner’s and Pavlov’s theory by using the approach of positive reinforcement. This encourages good behaviour in the child making the behaviour more likely to be repeated again as they are rewarded and praised for their efforts in reading, writing and general learning. It is important that children’s efforts in a learning setting are rewarded as this will encourage the child to perform to the best of their ability.

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948 Words | 4 Pages

The motivational critique of traditional classroom organisation holds that the competitive grading and informal reward system of the classroom creates peer norms opposing academic efforts (Coleman, 1961). Since one student's success decreases the chances that others will succeed, students are likely to prompt norms that high achievement is for "nerds" or teachers' pets. Such work restriction norms are familiar in industry, where the "rate buster" is scorned by his or her fellow workers (Vroom, 1969). However, by having students work together toward a common goal, they may be motivated to express norms favouring academic achievement, to reinforce each other for academic efforts. Thus, motivational theorists build group rewards into their co-operative learning methods.

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Eventually, the previously neutral stimulus comes to evoke the response without the presence of the naturally occurring stimulus. The two elements are then known as the conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response. 2. Operant conditioning Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that

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1404 Words | 6 Pages

Basically, operant conditioning involves reinforcement or punishment as the way of changes in behaviour or pattern permanently. Operant describes as voluntary response of living organism. The individual response is affected by the later consequences. In short, it is just an easy process of learning that tends to response more when the outcome is manipulated. Operant conditioning was found by Polish neurophysiologist Jerzy Konorsky.

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