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Opium Research Paper

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Recommended: Perspectives on the opium trade

Opium:
In Afghanistan opium is leading economic activity, that is the challenges for the country faces that lies in the heart of state building, governance, security, and development. But with the limited recognition of development, security, political implications, current global counter narcotics polices and the narrow law enforcement impose a heavy burden on Afghanistan.
(Byrd, W. A. (2008). Responding to Afghanistan's Opium economy challenge: lessons and policy implications from a development perspective.)

Opium (poppy tears, lachrymal papaveris) is the become dry latex produced from the poppy of opium. The latex of Opium contains approximately 12% of the analgesic alkaloid morphine chemically produce heroin and other synthetic opiates for the illegally trade of drug and for medicinal use. Following drugs such as Opiates, codeine and thebaine and non-analgesic alkaloids such as papaverine and noscapine closely …show more content…

A. M., Ahmed, S. M., El Gawish, E. H., Alanwar, A. M., & Ibrahem, M. H. (2016). Effects of Opium Addiction on Some Biochemical Parameters in Diabetic Rats. International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review, 10(3), 1.)

For the trade of illegal drug, the reducing bulk of opium weight of 88% is takeout the morphine. The reducing bulk weight of opium two to four times as potent is converted into heroin and increase the value by two to four times. And It is easier to smuggle because of its reduced weight and bulk. (Sawynok, J. (1986). The therapeutic use of heroin: a review of the pharmacological literature. Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 64(1), 1-6.)

There are different ways such as consumption of vapors, suppositories, medical poultices and as a combination with hemlock for suicide used by the adductors for consuming the opium. (Kritikos, P. G., & Papadaki, S. P. (1967). The history of the poppy and of opium and their expansion in antiquity in the eastern Mediterranean area. Bulletin on narcotics, 19(3),

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