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Osmosis In Marine Sea Cells

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A marine sea star was mistakenly placed in freshwater. A few hours later, you find the sea star is dead. What is the most likely explanation for its death? Osmosis and its role within molecules. Osmosis is a process during which water moves from a lower concentrated region to a highly concentrated region through a partially permeable membrane. When there is a difference in osmolarity between two solutions, water will flow from hypoosomic solution to hypersoomic solution by osmosis. It is a passive process where energy is not required. If the cytoplasm is in a hypotonic solution, water molecules will enter the cell. The high uptake of water by the cell will cause it to swell and eventually burst. However, if the cell is found in a hypertonic …show more content…

Sea star can adjust its osmotic pressure in its environment as they both have the same concentration of salt. The concentration of freshwater is higher than in the sea star. Freshwater is hypotonic to the sea star cells where dissolved salts are present. During osmosis, water molecules will enter the cells of the sea star thus increasing the osmotic pressure. This will lead to cell function disruption where essential organs are dehydrated and are unable to metabolize. Therefore, the sea star is considered as a poor osmoregulator as it cannot adapt to different level of salinity. Osmosis is important to regulate water equilibrium allowing nutrients to be absorbed and wastes to be removed from …show more content…

Osmoregulators are able to control the movement of solutes whether it is internal or external. Osmoconformers do not have this ability and are isosmotic with their surroundings. Marine stars are stenohaline, animals who cannot withstand changes in the external osmolarity. So if a sea star has a sudden influx of water, the cells within will shrink or shrivel causing their organelles and cell membranes to be damaged and eventually die. Osmoconformers are not able to regulate solutes in their body in different concentration because of the permeability of their bodies and the absence of organs such as kidneys that allow them to produce urine in multiple solute

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The cell membrane is semi-permeable, meaning some substances can pass through but others cannot. Osmosis is the diffusion of solvent molecules (e.g. water) across the membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (Lopez & Hall, 2022). When the fluid on the extracellular side of the cell has a higher concentration than the cytosolic side it is hypertonic. When it is lower than the cytosolic side it is hypotonic. When both sides of the membrane have equal concentrations, they are isotonic.

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This adaptation is to retain moisture using a special structure – the operculum – which can be sealed when the snail is not eating to retain moisture within the shell. This is used especially between the high tides, as water only reaches this high zone at these times. Another factor associated with the supralittoral zone is harsh wind conditions, which was observed at Hastings Point where the temperature indicated a 12% increase in average temperature between the littoral and supralittoral zones. The black nerites adapted behaviourally to survive these conditions. To do this,

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Without salt the shark's cells rupture, which leads to bloating and death. This is why most sharks cannot enter fresh water, because their internal salt levels would become diluted causing their cells to burst (National Geographic News). Bull sharks are unique because they can adapt their process of osmoregulation in order to adapt to the fresh water environment. When bull sharks are in salt water, they contain a high concentration of urea, and other solvents which help balance out concentration of salt (jeb.boilogist.org). They expel large amounts of salt in their bloodstream through urination (shark saver.org).

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This mainly consist of maintenance of fluid balance and concentration of salts to prevent internal solutions from becoming heavily concentrated or heavily diluted. So by my own assumption, their osmotic control must be very specific. This is said due to the exact depth that they thrive in, the temperature and how heavily concentrated the brine must be at that depth. So they must have a complex osmoregulatory

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Exploration Title: Effect of Temperature on rate of Osmosis Submitted By: Abdulkarim Kamal Date Submitted: October 19th 2015 Subject: Biology HL Teacher: Mr. Nick   Aim: This is an investigation to determine the relation between temperature of a solution (sucrose) and the rate of osmosis Scientific Context: Osmosis is defined a passive transport process in which a fluid diffuses across a semi-permeable membrane, from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration and vice-versa. There are various factors that could potentially influence the rate of osmosis; these factors include volume, concentration, and temperature. If all external factors that may interfere with rate of osmosis are controlled, the results will show equal amounts of fluid on both sides of the barrier (membrane); this is known as an “isotonic” state.

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The functional importance of organs can be determined by the assumption of organ capacity (Development of Biology 2008). For example, considering the anatomy of a dogfish shark, the liver and gills prove to be the most critical organs as the liver is visibly the largest organ present with its extended growth throughout the abdominal cavity (Department of Biology 2008). Furthermore, the liver is trisected into three lobes: the right, left and the medial lobes. The liver serves to be an essential organ within the dogfish shark anatomy as it allows the shark to store oil, which allows the organism to gain buoyancy due to its heavy frame in comparison to the water (Reece et al. 2008). Moreover, the gills serve to be another significant organ for the shark as they enable oxygen and gas exchange within the natural environment (Reece et al. 2013).

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