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Osmotic Fragility Test

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Laboratory testing is a very essential part of the clinical decision making process. The test result strongly influence medical diagnosis as well as the therapy applied (Lippi, 2006).Hematological results are often influenced by number of pre-analytical variables,these include the anticoagulants used, methods of analysis, the storage temperature and the time between when the samples were taken and when they were analyzed (Gulatietal., 2002).Delayed sample analysis could result in hematological changes in the measured parameter, which could complicate the interpretation of the resulting data (Lippi et al., 2005).
Whole blood is usually treated with anticoagulants to prevent them from clotting. Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)salt sodium …show more content…

The information obtained may furnish the diagnosis of many diseases, serve as guide to therapy and as an indicator of harmful effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy (Tatsumi etal , 2002 ) …show more content…

The sooner hemolysis occurs , the greater the osmotic fragility of the cells ( Parpart etal. , 1947 ). The tests are based on the measure of red blood cell lysis as a function of osmotic stress. When erythrocytes are placed in hypotonic solutions, they begin to take on water osmotically. This results in swelling of the cell until the critical volume is reached, afterward the membrane at first leaks and then bursts releasing hemoglobin (Faulkner and king 1970 ).
The osmotic fragility test can be performed on freshly taken red cells. The susceptibility to osmotic lysis is primarily determined by the surface area to volume ratio of erythrocytes .Increased osmotic fragility typically occurs in hereditary spherocytosis. Because of their reduced surface membrane area in respect to the cell volume, spherocytes take up less water in a hypotonic solution before rupturing than do normal blood cells. They cannot expand as much as normal discoid erythrocytes and are osmotically more fragile ( Roper and Layton, 2012

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The isotonic point is the point in which osmosis causes the concentrations of either side of the cell wall to reach an equilibrium (balance). The original experiment involved placing gummy bears in water and sugar and salt solutions (Gummy bear osmosis, 2022). The experiment was modified to further investigate the effect of varying NaCl concentrations on the mass of potatoes.

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I would also perform a urine test to test for any high levels of proteins lost from the kidney. Part 5 A V/Q scan would show blood flow obstruction (embolism) and the use of the radioactive material would be used to examine the airflow in images. The airflow will be normal but the blood flow will be blocked, this is the V/Q mismatch.

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Part A: Osmosis practical task Aim: To observe the effects of osmosis in rhubarb cells. Hypothesis: Water will be extracted out of the cells in the salt solution causing the cells to look different to the cells in the freshwater solution. Materials: Rhubarb Distilled water in a dropping bottle Salt solution in a dropping bottle Microscope, slides, and coverslips Forceps and razor blades or scalpel Paper Towel Method: Clean and dry a slide and coverslip.

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Oxidative Phosphorylation is the metabolic pathway in which mitochondria use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to create ATP. If cells become oxygen deficient, the condition known as hypoxia (no oxygen) occurs. This condition can be due to abnormally acidic blood or a lack of critical enzymes necessary for releasing oxygen from red blood cells, so when this oxidative cycle is oxygen deficient, it can’t produce the quantity nor quality of ATP necessary for normal cellular functioning. “Oxygen is alkaline forming in the blood, while carbon dioxide which is produced as a by-product of the oxidation process is acid forming.

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Osmosis Lab Report Introduction: The investigation that I took part in this marking period was titled “An Egg-citing Activity”. In this experiment, I further explored the contents and aspects of osmosis. I also looked more closely at the differences and similarities between osmosis and diffusion. The purpose of the investigation was to examine a raw egg, classified as a large cell, after it had been placed in vinegar for two days and then put in different liquids. To put this into real life terms, the question that was used for this experiment was, how do drinks that we consume affect the cells in our body?

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1) Hypothesis and Null Hypothesis for experiments For the experiment involving the red blood cells, the proposed hypothesis is that if blood cells are placed into a hypotonic solution of distilled water, then the cells will undergo a process called hemolysis where they swell and burst. For this experiment, the null hypothesis is that if blood cells are placed into a hypotonic solution of distilled water, then the cell will not undergo hemolysis. For the experiment involving the elodea plant, the hypothesis is that if the leaf of an Elodea plant is placed into distilled water, then the cells will become turgid, but will not burst because of the cell wall.

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This lets us to notice what in the red blood cell was able to permeable across the cell membrane, since they were placed in different osmolality solutions we are able observe the tonicity of the cell’s behavior. When the Erythrocyte is placed into a hypotonic solution, the cell will swell because water will move gradually into the cell. The concentration of solutes are lower outside than the inside of the cell, so the water will move in the cell and cause the cell to swell. If the cell was placed to hypertonic solution, the solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell, so the water moves out the cell and causes the cell to shrink. When the red blood cell is placed into a isotonic solution, the concentration of the

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Haemostasis is a physiological process of blood clotting and dissolution of the clot, followed by the repair of injured tissue. It results from interplay of vascular endothelium, platelets, coagulation factors, anti-coagulation mechanisms and fibrinolytic system. The fluidity of blood in the absence of injury is maintained by the balance between pro-coagulant pathway, and the mechanisms that inhibit the pro-coagulant pathway. Imbalance between the two mechanisms, for example during clinical illnesses or preoperative period, predisposes a patient to either bleeding or thrombosis. To stop bleeding after injury, a complex process is initiated within seconds.

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