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Paraphilias A Critical Summary

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Review Research: Strategies in the treatment of Paraphilias: A Critical Review
The authors of the article aim to explore the treatment of persons with paraphilias. They have noted that the important thing to do is to figure out the first step in designing treatment programs for paraphilias as a result this will help the doctor determine what needs to be addressed. They also noted that the life history examination of the patient is vital part of the assessment thus it will help assist the therapist developed a deeper understanding of the client and it will help him identify if there is a change that can be addressed in the treatment.
Two different takes were taken into consideration first is giving treatment to only criminogenic factors of paraphilia …show more content…

C writes his research about the diagnostic validity and forensic utility of paraphilias. Wakefield faces a “difficult conceptual distinction between deviant sexual desires that are mental disorders versus those that are normal variations in sexual preference (even if they are eccentric, repugnant, or illegal if acted upon) has attained critical forensic significance.” He’s argument of what paraphilias is since the earlier times it has always been unclear and open to interpretation and based on ideals if sexual norms. Any interpretation of the word can alter its definition. He carefully scrutinized the criteria used in paraphilic disorders. Few manuals exist to help diagnose a patient mental health and these are the International Classification Disease and Related Health Problems (ICD-10-CM) and DSM or known as the diagnostic and statistical manual. These diagnostic materials have huge impact on are legal and political issues today. Sexual Predators who have been incarcerated also deemed to suffer from paraphilic mental disorder are now allowed to have indefinite preventive civil commitment for criminals who have completed their prison sentence. This means that the states can decide whether or not to keep sexual predator locked up beyond their prison sentence, that they think is high risk rejoining society and might commit another crime. While mental health caregivers used ICD’s and DSM’s to diagnose a patient, the criminal justice system also uses the DSM’s as a legal basis for sentencing and committing sexually motivated criminals to psychiatric care. An article written by Frances and First reported that the paraphilia section of DSM-4 was vastly misinterpreted, specifically referring to the forensic evaluations of sexually violent predators, leading to “inappropriate medicalization of criminal behavior to serve a practical public safety purpose”"and it had “been manipulated heavily to favor the legal

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The judge investigating Kim’s case requested a Forensic Mental Health Assessment (FMHA) be conducted (de Ruiter & Kaser-Boyd, 2015). The FMHA conducted consisted of forensic assessment instruments such as a standardized psychometric test of adult personality and psychopathology, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). Also used was the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS) and the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality (de Ruiter & Kaser-Boyd, 2015). The MMPI-2 was used in this case to assess Kim’s personality traits and psychopathology. The SIRS was conducted to assess malingering of mental disorders and related response styles.

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An Investigative Approach to Gwen Araujo’s Murder Case Diya Moliki College of Public Affairs (B.S Criminal Justice) Supervisor: Dr. Berry Grant University of Baltimore November 27, 2014 Gwen Araujo’s Case Description Gwen Araujo (Edward Araujo Jr.) was born February 24, 1985.

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Famed psychologist, Sigmund Freud, is perhaps one of the most iconic and influential figures in the sphere of faulty scientific reasoning to date. Though his theories and ideas remain to be integral parts of psychological culture, a large number of them have been wildly disproven by modern scientists, who cite Freud’s misuse of evidence (more specifically, case studies) as a contributing factor to the erroneousness of his claims. Case study, Freud’s preferred method of investigation, extensively examines a single group, person, etc. As a result of this, one cannot use a case study as a dependable source of information, nor can one generalize a case study to a broader population, despite Freud’s multiple attempts to do just that, in a variety of studies dealing with mentally-ill patients. It is outdated and unreliable; a source of evidence that is of little to no scientific value, yet, one that still endures to be staple among discredited scientists and groundless researchers alike.

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This is important information to understand and be aware, due to the increased number of mentally ill jailed, in life imprisonment, or on death row. Understanding the history of the problem and how it came to be can help the system gain knowledge on how to find a solution. The authors citing statistical information helped reinforce their argument however some information was observational. Observational information is good data however it cannot be used to determine causation. More information on the mental patient’s rights movement would have helped to understand a different aspect of the argument but overall an insightful

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This causes many issues within the system due to the lack of evaluation during cases’, and hardly any representations of illnesses. These cases can be altered due to the public opinions during publicized cases which can pursue the judges and create a new outcome of a case. While the insanity plea proves that some criminals are mentally unstable, it should be used with caution because many convicted criminals abuse it during court cases’, imitate being mentally ill during an examination, and are able to avoid the death

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There is also a different account of a man named Alex, who up until his 40 years of age never experienced abnormal sexual preference towards children. He was engulfed with the pleasure of child pornography, prostitution. He restrained himself as much as he could but the sexual advances he made towards his step daughter alarmed his wife. Not to long after that she discovered his secret life he was trying to keep away from his family and friends. On his was to prison he experienced severe headache and was send to the emergency room where he underwent surgery to remove a tumor from his orbitofrontal vortex.

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The shift is attributed to the unexpected clinical needs of this new outpatient population, the inability of community mental health centers to meet these needs, and the changes in mental health laws (Pollack & Feldman, 2003). Thousands of mentally ill people flowing in and out of the nation 's jails and prisons. In many cases, it has placed the mentally ill right back where they started locked up in facilities, but these jail and prison facilities are ill-equipped to properly treat and help them. In 2006 the Bureau of Justice Statistics estimated that there were; 705,600 mentally ill inmates in state prisons, 78,000 in federal prisons, and

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In 1974, the highly influential book Sybil was published, and later made into miniseries in 1976 and again in 2007. Describing what Robert Rieber called “The Trird most Famoust of Multiple Personalitu Cases”, it presented a detailed discussion of the problem of treatment of “Sybil”, a pseudonym for Shirley Ardell Mason. Though the book and subsequent films helped popularize the diagnosis and trigger an epidemic of the diagnosis, later analysis of the case suggesred different interpretations, ranging from Mason’s problrms being caused by the therepeutiv methods used by her psychiatrist, Cornelia B. Wilbur or an inadvertent hoax due in pasrt to the lucrutative publisging rights, thought this conslution has itself been challenged Dr. Davin Spiegel,

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Thomas Nagel’s paper Sexual Perversion details his perspective on sexual desires and perversions, in which deems to be very specific. Nagel continuously specifics what is considered perverse through pre skeptical arguments, a Romeo and Juliet bar interaction and examples of deviant relations. Other philosophers such as Robert Solomon contribute counter arguments towards Nagel’s philosophies on the basis of what love is and sex is. Though Nagel does specify many attributes and cases of perverse circumstances, he as well does not reflect on other contradicting scenarios.

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Pedophilia should be considered a mental disorder because just like a mental disorder, pedophilia affects a person 's emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. A mental illness is influenced by distress, similarly to as what Professor DeRuiter stated in the film; that pedophiles build so much stress and that it causes them to act on their urges. There should be treatments that can help lower distress, such as interventions and/or support groups. The book Family Violence Across the Lifespans states that some researchers concluded that pedophilia may be caused by neurobiological factors (231), so medical treatments should be made more accessible to people seeking help as well as medical confidentiality protecting the individual 's identity unless the individual confesses to a crime. Medical treatments such as chemical castration should be enforced and not voluntary and should be considered as a form of treatment, not

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Unfortunately, knowing that people thought they were different or weird because of their sexuality was not enough. In fact, it was labeled at one time as a mental disorder. While

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Fetishism and paraphilia can be defined as a longstanding and persistent sexual interest that describes a powerful eroticization of a part of another person’s body (feet, hair, breasts), non-living objects (shoes, clothing, objects), (Kafka, 2010) or activities and experiences (sadism, masochism, voyeurism, and pedophilia) (Friedman & Downey, 2000). Many individuals view their fetishes to be a healthy expression of sexuality; however, it is considered a paraphilia disorder if it produces significant psychological distress or impairment of functioning (Dawson, Bannerman, & Lalumière, 2016). For the purpose of this paper, fetishism and paraphilia are defined as one in the same. Many fetishes are accepted by society such as seductive clothes,

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Likewise, the porn-addicted male person derives meaning and temporary relief in correlation with a specific area of deprivation (ex: mistrust, hate, anger, guilt, need for power, need for self-affirmation, etc.). This meaning and temporary relief is realized by utilizing a depicted image or expansive video image(s) (homosexuality, intercourse, rape, sodomy, personal stripping and masturbation, sex with animals, male or female fellatio, female or male ejaculation facials, pedophilia, defecation or urination, etc.) in order to accentuate meaning and relief toward that area of deprivation by achieving orgasmic pleasure and a sense of personal security in association with the meaning given to the image or images viewed – a sort of temporary state of healing that must be repeated over and over again – hence the reinforcing the addiction and the experiencing of any self-destructive consequences associated with the addiction. Is Pornography Addiction a Mental Illness?

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Transvestic Fetishism Disorder has two parts in the diagnosis, they are a) over a period of at least 6 months, in a heterosexual male, recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving cross-dressing and b) the fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning (American Psychiatratic Association, 2013). Sexual Sadism Disorder is characterized by intense feeling of sexual excitement when fantasizing about or witnessing another personl receiving physical or psychological suffering of another person (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Prevalance rate of sexual sadism disorder range from 10% of convicted sex offenders in the United States and 37% to 75% of sex offenders who had committed homicide was sexually motivated (American Psychiaratic Association, 2013). A subtype of sexual sadism disorder severe sexual sadism which involves the “sexual perferences that focuses on humilation and subjugation of the victim which can lead to sever injury and/or death” (Nitsche, Blendl, Ottermann, Osterheider, & Mokros, 2009, p. 685). Nitsche et al (2009) admits that is

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Sexuality became scientific when those who dictated what was “normal” moved from priests to psychiatrists.

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