ipl-logo

Pathogenesis Of IPF

716 Words3 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: Role of genes in pathogenesis of IPF

It has been established that the genetic and environmental background play a major role in the development of IPF. Understanding the pathogenesis through genetic linkage analysis can provide an insight into the principal driver of lung scarring and honeycombing, both characteristics of IPF. Consistent with what Kropski et.al, (2013) put forward, there are four genes that cause familial IPF, the inherited variant of IPF, and control the pulmonary linked “surfactant protein C (encoded by SFTPC)” and the “surfactant protein A2 (encoded by SFTPA2)”. The surfactant protein C is known to be hydrophobic in nature and is crucial for normal lung operation and eventually survival of the human being. According to Kropski et.al, (2013), these four genes …show more content…

The authors also came up with the “multiple hit” model to explain and understand the pathogenesis of IPF. This model proposes that IPF is more a result of a combination of genetics and multiple environmental ‘hits’ that eventually leave the Type II alveolar epithelial cells susceptible to development of lung scarring and modification of the lung architecture. The Seibold et.al, 2011 study has theorized, as one of three possibilities, that the MUC5B mutation damages the mucosal host resistance mechanism causing disproportionate lung scarring and eventually leading to an advance of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. According to the ‘multiple hit’ theory, the occurrence of interstitial pneumonia and GERD will eventually lead to scarring of the lungs and the subsequent outbreak of …show more content…

According to Marmai et.al, (2011), the EMT process is innately symbolized by a shrinkage in epithelial cell related genes like “E-cadherin” and a growth in mesenchymal cell related genes like “type I collagen (Col1) or α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)”. To prove that EMT transpires in an IPF lung, Marmai et.al, (2011) initially went through the two-step RT-PCR process, a sophisticated gene manifestation profiling system that uses laser capture to extract epithelial cells from IPF lung tissues. To add to this a thorough set of Immunohistochemical, Immunoblotting, Type II cell isolation & culturation tests were carried out. The epithelial cells captured by the two-step RT-PCR process demonstrated genes generally linked to the mesenchymal cell phenotype. Based on the multiple tests performed, the TGF-β prototype is the chief promoter of EMT linked to lung

Show More
Related
1087 Words | 5 Pages

Al Waysmoking was a 72 year-old retired factory worker who was a chain smoker. He is experiencing fatigue, shortness of breath, but continues to smoke. Upon exam his Nurse Practitioner notes that he has a prolonged expiratory phase, expiratory wheezes, and an increased anteroposterior chest diameter. His nail beds were cyanotic and he had moderate pitting edema. Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT) revealed that Al had a decreased VC and an increased RV and FRC.

Read More
716 Words | 3 Pages

On attached paper On attached paper The bronchioles use elastic fibers instead of rings of cartilage; therefore, they are more likely to collapse. During an asthmatic episode, the airways are inflamed and are sensitive. The muscles around the airway tightens and causes less air to pass to the lungs.

Read More
2175 Words | 9 Pages

Neutrophils release of biochemical, humoral and cellular mediators that produce changes in the lung. Pulmonary capillary membrane permeability increased, destruction of elastin and collagen, formation of pulmonary microemboli, and pulmonary artery vasoconstriction. Pathophysiologic changes in ARDS are described in three phases. These three phases unfold sequentially over a period of several weeks to several months. First is exudative level.

Read More
800 Words | 4 Pages

George McClure was predisposed to cancer because of the toxins inhaled but here we can see how this trend continues to the next

Read More
728 Words | 3 Pages

Because they also encourage mucous secretions, macrophage activity on pneumococci is decreased while bacterial adhesion to the epithelium is increased. Pneumonia is a condition that aggravates the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. Cyanosis occurs as a result of the decrease in gas exchange through the inflamed alveolar membrane and subsequent decline in hemoglobin saturation. One of the most common complications of the flu is a bacterial infection.

Read More
1193 Words | 5 Pages

During the first decades of the 20th century, lung cancer and other

Read More
592 Words | 3 Pages

It is described as being a “progressive lung disorder characterized by persistent airflow obstruction and chronic respiratory symptoms in response to inhaled cigarette smoke or other irritants or a deficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin” (Krishnan et al., 2015, p. 70). Acute exacerbations of COPD are common and often leads to patients being hospitalized. The frequency of hospitalization tends to worsen with disease progression. Acute exacerbations of COPD are associated with a decreased quality of life, increased healthcare costs and increased mortality (Marchetti, Criner, & Albert, 2013). In the United States it is estimated that there are approximately 24 million adults with COPD (Pietrangelo, 2015).

Read More
706 Words | 3 Pages

Cystic Fibrosis Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic disease that affects the lungs and the digestive system. Because this disease limits breathing ability, it is a life-threatening disease. In the United States alone, 30,000 people have cystic fibrosis and 1,000 new cases of CF are diagnosed every year. Over half the of the people with CF are over the age of 18. (About Cystic Fibrosis)

Read More
914 Words | 4 Pages

In the analogy that Plato presents to us, “Allegory of the Cave”, Plato believes that a realm of Forms exists for every imperfect and changing object and idea in the material world. These Forms are perfect and unchanging, making them a source of knowledge (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). I do find Plato’s image of a realm of Forms compelling as an understanding of reality. Let us example Plato’s Allegory of the Cave closely to help justify my reasoning for my argument. The people chained inside the cave represent individuals that have not been exposed to “reality” or the ideal world.

Read More
718 Words | 3 Pages

My research was completed at the vascular research lab located at the VA Medical Center. We investigated one of the molecular components of cigarette smoke, the unsaturated aldehyde acrolein, as a cause of increased lung vascular permeability. We studied whether acrolein mediates the effects of cigarette smoke exposure via modification of subcellular proteins that function to maintain an impermeable endothelial monolayer in the lung microcirculation. I learned that proper documentation and precise repetition yields consistent and reproducible results. With consistent data, we were able to conclude that protein carbonylation transpired in treatment groups of cigarette smoke and acrolein exposure.

Read More
625 Words | 3 Pages

When in the lungs this mucus clogs the airways and traps bacteria. This can lead to lung infections (also caused by bacteria), lung damage, helps germs grow and multiply, and later can cause respiratory failure. When in the pancreas the mucus buildup prevents the release of digestive enzymes that allows the body to break down food and absorb nutrients. This can lead to difficulty absorbing food and nutrients, which can lead to poor weight gain. The mucus caused by CF can also cause liver disease, and can affect a male’s ability to have

Read More
977 Words | 4 Pages

The development of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) contributes to the human capacity to modulate emotions. This ability is significant as disruption due to brain dysfunction can have harmful effects on an individual’s capability to function adaptively in society. However, the idea that the PFC has a significant role in the regulation of aggression and violence has been challenged by studies that highlight the complexity of the multiple causes of antisocial behaviour and consequences of dysfunction of the PFC. Yet through brain imaging, modern research have shown a relationship between dysfunction of the PFC and antisocial behaviour. Studies have shown a link between alcoholism and cognitive deficits; one theory that explores this is the “frontal

Read More
1202 Words | 5 Pages

Abstract Cystic fibrosis is a life-threatening, genetic disease that causes persistent lung infections, and complicates a person’s ability to breathe. People with Cystic fibrosis have troubles to breathe because a broken gene causes a thick, growth of mucus in the lungs, pancreas and other organs. The mucus blocks the air passage to the lungs, and traps bacteria leading to infections, considerable lung harm, and sooner or later, respiratory failure. In the pancreas, this mucus blocks the deliverance of digestive enzymes that allow the body to break down food and absorb vital nutrients. People with this disease used to have a life expectancy of 6 months back in 1938, but now with the advances of technology and medical treatments, life expectancy is approximately 35

Read More
1036 Words | 5 Pages

The nurses were clear. No visitors. They refused to let us see Johnny who was in critical condition. We wouldn’t take no for an answer. It was our buddy in there and we would do anything to see him.

Read More
998 Words | 4 Pages

Asthma is a chronic illness that is widespread over the United States with 24 million people affected; and 7 million alone are children (Morris, 2015). With this disease, the airways are constantly inflamed; and when a trigger is inhaled or presented, inflammation increases causing distress in the airways. The airways then constrict and breathing becomes a challenge. Asthma occurs in “attacks” and common symptoms include wheezing, coughing, and dyspnea (Asthma: Overview, 2014).

Read More

More about Pathogenesis Of IPF

Related Topics

Open Document