1. Photographic images of chromosomes are arranged into matched and ordered pairs to create a karyotype. Each species of organism is characterized by a particular number of chromosome in each cell. The nucleus of each somatic or body cell of a human contain 46 chromosomes, which form 23 pairs, of which 22 are matched or homologous. The 23rd pair, which is matched in female (XX) but unmatched in males (XY), is called a heterosome. Because these chromosomes determine the sex of an individual, they are also referred to as sex chromosomes.
2. The homologous may have the same number of chromosomes but the form of pairing may differ depending on what they may receive from each parent via the sperm and the other from the female parent via the egg cell (ovum).
3. No because the human contains 46 chromosomes, which is form 23 pair, of which are
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12. a). When it comes to the tallness and shortness of a plant, the factor foe tallness is dominant to the factor for shortness. Shortness id described as recessive.
b). A dominant characteristic or trait, by definition, can express itself whether it occurs in the homozygous or the heterozygous condition. A recessive trait, however, can only express itself when in the homozygous condition.
13. The majority of the pea plant will look short. Only ¼ will be tall.
14. When homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis, they take their alleles with them and thus each gamete receives only one pair of alleles enabling us to predict the ratio.
15. a). the dominant seed shape id smooth because the F1 offspring all have smooth seeds.
b). Mendel’s factors in inheritance and the separation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis provide evidence that gene are carried on chromosome. The segregation of alleles in inheritance corresponds to the segregation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis.
c). plant P genotype: TT and tt, F2: ¼ TT, ½ Tt, ¼ tt. F1: all Tt
d). in the F2 generation ¾ will have smooth seed and ¼ will have wrinkle seed. Tt and