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Percent Composition And Empirical Formula Lab

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Introduction : The percent composition of a compound can be found by determining the mass of each element within that compound, and with this information, the empirical formula can be determined. The lab consisted of obtaining a magnesium ribbon and having it undergo chemical reactions to create solid magnesium oxide with the aim being identifying the percent composition and empirical formula of the compound. Background Information : To determine magnesium oxide’s percent composition and empirical formula, the masses of magnesium and oxygen separately must be found and then divided by the total mass and multiplied by 100 to find the percent makeup of each element within the compound. However, to obtain magnesium oxide, it had been synthesized from magnesium and various chemical reactions with only the initial mass of magnesium and the final compound’s mass being known. …show more content…

A magnesium atom has a charge of 2+ and an oxygen atom has a charge of 2-. When the charges are balanced, the equation is MgO, one magnesium atom joined in an ionic bond with one oxygen atom. With the theoretical empirical formula found, one can now find the theoretical percent composition of MgO. The atomic molar mass of a magnesium atom is 24.31 g/mol and 16.00 g/mol for oxygen, therefore the total theoretical mass of the compound is (24.31 g/mol + 16.00 g/mol) 40.31 g/mol. The percent composition is found by dividing the element’s mass by the total mass of the

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Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to find the percent composition of sugar in gum, and how it differs based on the brand of gum, by using the percent by mass. Hypothesis: If two separate brands of gum are masticated, in which is based on Trident and Orbit Gum, then the mass of the sugar/ the percent composition of the sugar in the gum would be the same, because the amount of sugar and sugar alcohol used in the gum are the same, based on the nutritional facts provided. Variables: Independent Variable: The Brand of Gum Dependent Variable: Percent of Composition of Sugar in Gum / Mass of Sugar (in g) Controlled Variables: The Amount Sticks of Gum, The Flavor of the Gum, Materials: ~

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Stoichiometry is a method used in chemistry that involves using relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction, to determine a desired quantitative data. The purpose of the lab was to devise a method to determine the percent composition of NaHCO3 in an unknown mixture of compounds NaHCO3 and Na2CO. Heating the mixture of these two compounds will cause a decomposition reaction. Solid NaHCO3 chemically decomposes into gaseous carbon dioxide and water, via the following reaction: 2NaHCO3(s) Na2CO3(s) + H2O(g) + CO2(g). The decomposition reaction was performed in a crucible and heated with a Bunsen burner.

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The percent recovery of the copper was calculated using the equation, percent recovery = (the mass of the copper recovered after all the chemical reactions/the initial mass of the copper) x 100. The amount of copper that was recovered was 0.32 grams and the initial mass of the copper was 0.46 grams. Using the equation, (0.32 grams/0.46 grams) x 100 equaled 69.56%. The amount of copper recovered was slightly over two-thirds of the initial amount.

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Acids are proton donors in chemical reactions which increase the number of hydrogen ions in a solution while bases are proton acceptors in reactions which reduce the number of hydrogen ions in a solution. Therefore, an acidic solution has more hydrogen ions than a basic solution; and basic solution has more hydroxide ions than an acidic solution. Acid substances taste sour. They have a pH lower than 7 and turns blue litmus paper into red. Meanwhile, bases are slippery and taste bitter.

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