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Peru Shining Path History

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Peru is a country long plagued by political violence. The Shining Path is by far the largest and most successful of Peru 's terrorist organizations. Shining Path initiated its first attacks against the Peruvian government in 1980. In the intervening years, it quickly became the most serious security situation that Peru faced. Few political movements, inside or outside of Peru, could match its fanaticism and extreme ideology. The Shining Path was extremely ruthless in its application of violence utilizing assassinations, car bombings, and arson as its instruments for political change. Few terrorist organizations have employed violence with the same determination, lack of discrimination and far-reaching effects as the Shining Path. The …show more content…

The study of Shining Path has been a topic of interest to many different scholars both in Peru and internationally for several decades. A large amount of research is committed to analyzing the origins of the Maoist terrorist organization in Peru. The study of Shining Path is critical in the understanding of the social and political compositions of modern Peru. The Shining Path began as a radical political movement in Ayacucho, Peru. The isolated geography allowed for peasant communities to work with local academics and other intellectuals to organize large quantities of indigenous people into an …show more content…

The spread of communist and socialist ideas promising a social system where peasants would have the same opportunities as those in Lima was an extremely powerful one. Socialism and communism were seen as an alternate form of government that could end extreme social inequality and injustice against the indigenous peasant populations in Peru. (Stern, 1998) As such, understanding the ethnic and class dynamic is essential to understanding the spread of the Shining Path. Gustavo Gorriti states in his book, The Shining Path: A History of the Millenarian War in Peru, which Abimael Guzman took advantage of the social inequality and extreme economic disparities in Ayacucho to advance his cause. Gorriti goes on to affirm that the economic system in Peru together with unpredictable government institutions allowed Shining Path to expand and recruit like-minded people from the countryside to

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The author describes the social division, or segregation of racially- mixed Lima before the earthquake in chapter 3, and how the disaster upended the social order. The earthquake did not discriminate, throwing all caste levels into homelessness, chaos, and subject to the same post-disaster fears of disease or death. Chapter 4 discusses the erosion of social order and the Viceroy’s vision to rebuild the city that makes better use of space and architecture. Walker notes that the upper-classes need to live above and look down at others in Lima, with poorly constructed housing, contributed to the collapse of many buildings. The Viceroy’s suggestion of rebuilding single-story homes in chapter 5, for the practicable purposes of withstanding another large earthquake was met with extreme opposition.

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Soon after the coup, Peronist resistance began organizing in workplaces and trade unions as they sought economic and social improvements. Guerrilla groups began to operate in the 1960s, mainly the Peronist Uturuncu and the Guevarist People's Guerrilla Army. Both were small and weak and were taken down immediately. According to the International Congress for Victims of Terrorism in 2010, before the military takeover in ‘76 a total of 16,000 people were killed, abducted, or wounded by left-wing guerrilla fighters, including civilians and military personnel. ERP guerrillas were responsible for killing 700 plus people during La Guerra Sucia.

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1558 Words | 7 Pages

The wars of independence in Latin marked the end of Spanish dominance in much of the Americas. While those rebellions were successful, there are stories of previous revolts that did not end with independence from Spanish rule. A prime example of these less successful uprisings is the Tupac Amaru Rebellion in the Andes during the late 1700s, in which the Kuraka leader Jose Gabriel Tupac Amaru led an uprising against the Spanish authorities in retaliation to forced labor and taxes imposed upon the Indigenous population. Those oppressive conditions were caused by the Bourbon reforms, a set of policies implemented by the Spanish crown on its South American colonies in order to keep a tight grip on the colonies and prevent British aggression in

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82 Words | 1 Pages

1) The Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro belongs to murder and violence and does not belong to arts, and his expeditions prove that. 2) Francisco Pizarro who conquered the Inca was a violence supporter, and his aim was the wealth and power, as a result of that he was killed in a violence way by his people. That prove that every human being behind his favor. 3) Francisco Pizarro creates a new type of art, the art of invasion of the Inca Empire.

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As the Europeans and African began to comingle with natives, new races (mulattos for example) arose that led to new social divisions. One’s class was a status, one that was hard to maneuver from. Racism and discrimination often resulted from these divisions. This mixed population in Latin America was relatively unique, as most places globally, such as the Qing dynasty in China, did the exact opposite and strictly forbid any sort of relations between different peoples (the Qing forced native Chinese to cut or braid their hair in certain patterns to tell them apart from Qing subjects). The arrival of the Europeans in Latin America resulted in many drastic changes between 1500-1750, not the least of which was a new social

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1490 Words | 6 Pages

The Silent Holocaust: The Guatemalan Genocides Genocide is not only a murderous madness, but the thought of a political Utopia, tempting many political leaders of multi-ethnic, religious, and cultural societies throughout history. From 1978 to 1983, General Efrain Rios Montt conducted inhumane acts and brutal killings against indigenous communities in Guatemala. ‘Death squads’ were sent into communities, killing anyone with a trace of fear in order to, “Dry up the human sea in which the guerrilla fish swim,” as stated by Montt. Although rebellion support was gained from cruel acts carried out by the government, troops responded to rebellious guerilla movements with massive massacres on innocent civilians. The Guatemalan genocides were

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Here, Chavez presents that violence is not effective in the long run. Additionally, he adds that “people suffer from violence”. By stating that violence can be temporarily successful until another form replaces it, Chavez counters the idea that violence solves the issue once and for all. Consequently, his readers will ask themselves, why do we use violence if it is not long lasting success? By getting his reader to ask and answer this question, he is able to make them draw the conclusion that violence is not the superlative

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558 Words | 3 Pages

Rumors of golden cities in the mountains of South America caught his attention and set out in search of this golden city. This “golden city” was the Inca Empire. However, the Inca Empire was not at all worried about the invaders. Obviously this was a mistake.

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Inca people were located in modern day Peru, the capital of Cusco. The place that they were located is nicknamed the “lost city”. The place was called the lost city because the city was never found by the Spanish invaders when they conquered the Inca in the 1500’s. By the early 1500’s the Inca people were located 200 miles north to

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1308 Words | 6 Pages

Taiaiake Alfred discussed targeting the new generations who are impressionable and open to change to gain power by spiritually accepting the warrior path, the spirit of wasáse, to ultimately combat colonial attitudes. The hierarchical structure of society and the feelings of living in a third world nation can be reversed by embodying “the spirit of the ancestors who went to war against the invaders [in a] compelling and honourable [manner]”. To effectively find true peace Native Americans have to become self-sustaining from any governmental aid, including food, land to live on, and other survival necessities. Alfred notes, “We still depend on others to feed us and teach us how to look, feel, live. We still turn to white men for the answers to our problems; worse yet, we have started to trust them.

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642 Words | 3 Pages

Hearts are a key aspect in existing. They beat to keep breaths running through one's veins. Hearts pump necessary ingredients throughout our bodies. The same goes for surviving, to survive one must circulate all needed aspects of a survivor throughout their body to ensure survival is being pursued. Surviving life is a battle within its own.

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756 Words | 4 Pages

The music makes the performance quite melancholic. The huayno of southern Peru is characterized by the cadence of its rhythms and sentimental tones. The performance of the dance also reflect how the Incas became victims of abuses and exploitation by the

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523 Words | 3 Pages

In the speech given by Cesar Chavez, “The Wrath of Grapes” he’s fighting for the people of America making everyone open their eyes and realize what’s being used by agricultural industries to grow crops. Chavez explains the pesticides used to grow grapes are causing harm to our farmer workers that can persist of long-term effects. He wants people to step up to the legislature to stop using these harmful chemicals not just here in California but all over the United States. Since, these chemicals are used world wide even if they aren't for crops. This speech is valued for its historical leader Cesar Chavez whom fighting for the farmworkers rights.

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587 Words | 3 Pages

The Incan Irrigation system helped bring water to the homes of people and to the mountains where farmers used the technique, Terrace Farming. (Page 104-105). This evidence proves that the Inca Empire flourished under isolation, because the Inca Empire used their surroundings to their benefit. These two advancements help prove that isolation benefits a

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