Pictorial photographers considered themselves as serious amateurs, motivated by artistic forces rather than financial gain. In 1869, Henry Peach Robinson 's first published Pictorial Effect in Photography, this influence throughout the United States, Europe, and Latin America. In Europe formed salons and clubs like The Linked Ring Brotherhood, The Royal Photographic Society and The Photo-Club of Paris. And in America in 1902, Stieglitz established the group called the Photo-Secession.
Pictorialism was a photography approach emphasizing the beauty of subject matter as beautifully rendered as any painter 's canvas and as skillfully constructed as any graphic artist 's composition rather than documenting of reality. Photographers explore the expressionistic potential of photography by injected own sensibility into the perception of image. In an effort to establish this new, technical medium as a fine art form, In composing Pictorialist photography by using “painterly” techniques such as soft focus, staged or stylized scenes, or the manipulation of negatives or prints. In the second half of the 19th century Pictorialism was the dominant tendency in photography.

Introduction of Alfred Stieglitz
Alfred Stieglitz was the impresario of art photography, who leading the movement of Pictoralism, not only introducing model art to America, but also made photography as an art form. His contribution not only in scientific and artistic photographic studies, but also furthered the theory