The Railway Labor Act therefore promotes effectiveness labor management relations in key airlines. It’s a delicate balance that protects both the customer and the airline company while still fully permitting collective bargaining activities. It’s interesting to note that Congress has not changed the RLA for over 28 years. Only one new provision has been added which addressed collective bargaining disputes at public commuter railroads. The Railway Labor Act is without a doubt vital to the airline industry and without the enactment, U.S Airways may have not become so successful in the industry.
The Terrorist attack on 9/11 everyone was in awe. Something like this made us think about what we need to do to keep our freedom safe “The aftermath of the tragedies of Sept. 11, 2001, made America redefine freedom and security”(Airlines security policies post 9/11). Airport security around the nation had to make major changes. The first thing they changed was that ID name and picture had to match what was on your ticket. This made sure that no person could sneak onto an aircraft.
I expect to find there was a drop in tourists visiting New York after 9/11 as people were fearful another attack might take place in the city and I expect that tourist numbers to the city dropped in the months directly after before starting to pick up again. I presume this was a tough time economically for hotels and many of the shops dependent on tourism. I expect airlines suffered from large losses as people were afraid to fly until changes in security were made. I expect to find airlines had to drop the prices of flights significantly to attract customers.
How has 9/11 Changed American Culture? September 11, 2001 was a harrowing event that took place in New York City, NY. Two foreign terrorists hijacked four planes that were flying above New York, two of which were flown into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center. A third terrorist plane crashed into the Pentagon, a paramount government building located in Washington, DC. The fourth and final plane crashed into a nearby field a few miles outside of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania.
2. Analysis of the Industry, market size, competition, etc. 2.1. PESTLE A market is the place or medium where specific activities are transacted between businesses and consumers. To study the macro-environment (i.e., external environment), PESTLE analysis is considered to be the most appropriate as suggested by Kotler and Armstrong (2010).
In this segment we will discuss about the external forces of the company that are not controllable (Keegan and Keegan, 1989). PESTLE analysis will be an effective tool here to analyze the factors. 2.1.1 PESTLE Analysis PESTLE is a very effective macro environmental tool containing six important factor. Political Factors In India political factor is very vulnerable.
In 2014, Air Canada created $13,272 million revenue which increase 7% than 2013. Among, passenger revenues increased $783 million to $11,803 million. Modest yield declines are an anticipated and natural consequence of the implementation of strategy to profitable increase long-haul international and leisure flying. In 2014, sales and distribution costs was $672 million which had about 10% increase than 2013 while passenger revenue growth was 7.1%.
After September 11th, our Airport security was stricter than ever. Men and Women were hired by government agency and issued blue uniforms to police our airports. Prior to September 11th, airports used private company security guards. People traveling now must endure warrantless searches, pat downs and logged scans of their facial features. American Citizens of all ages were apprehended for minor infractions.
Virgin Atlantic can be impacted and influence by the macro environment. However, the term PESTLE is used in procedures in analysing the macro environment and to recognize how future trends in the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal environments might impact Virgins Atlantic. However, Virgin normally study the key drivers of change behind the factors of PESTEL. These change establish opportunities and threats in the external environment of a company which can be overcome by concentrating on strengths and eliminating drawbacks. Political Analysis Politics plays an essential role in Virgin Atlantic.
Social Growing competition and capacity amongst airlines, lower air fares and more relaxed travel restrictions in many regions have made international travel a viable option for an increasing number of people coming to
We will now be doing a more detailed analysis on these six PESTEL factors. PESTEL refers to the Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal forces,
For worldwide airline industry, opportunities can emerge from new client expectations, items, business sector structures or regulatory
Another socio-cultural factor is the fear of terrorist attacks. Example would be the recent ISIS attacks in France, Russia etc. With terrorist bombing, airline companies are affected by the number of passengers traveling overseas. This could cause a drastic change to Rolls Royce’s income. Urban countries that are affected by overcrowding of air-craft are asking for larger aircraft as larger aircrafts are more powerful.
China Airlines (CAL) played a major role in the circumstances leading to the accident. The findings related to the probable causes identify elements that have been shown to have operated in the accident, or almost certainly to have operated in the accident. 1. The Corrosion Prevention and Control Program scheduling deficiencies in the CAL maintenance inspection practices were not identified by the Civil Aeronautics Administration audits. CAL might have to review the self-audit inspection procedures to ensure that all the mandatory requirements for continuing airworthiness, such as CPCP, are completed in accordance with the approved maintenance documents.
Francis Aguilar (1967) is the first known reference to the origin of the PESTEL analysis. In his study known as Scanning the Business Environment, he studied the environmental factors that affect business environment and come up with the first acronym ‘ETPS’ which meant the Economic, Technical, Political and social factors (Aguilar, 1967). Later Arnold Brown (1967) focused on the study and came up with a new perspective towards the study of social-technical, economic, political, and ecological (STEPE) factors. In 1980, Porter among other authors scanned the business environment and came up with the current acronym PESTEL meaning political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors (FME, 2013). According to Collins (1997),
