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Polyester Lab Report

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Polyester is synthetic fiber which mainly derive organic chemical compound from coal, air, water and petroleum and have the ester linkage. According to How (2015), the chemical reaction between an acid and alcohol formed polyester where a combination of two or more molecules form large molecule whose the structure repeats throughout its length. Researched by Smith (n.d) mentioned that production of polyester is by the chemical reaction of ethylene glycol with either terephthalic acid or its methyl ester in the presence of antimony catalyst to produce initially the monomer and low molecular mass oligomers. i. Starting from the acid: Direct esterification reaction. Figure 2.2 shows that the reaction of ethane-1,2-diol with benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic …show more content…

After that, it undergoes process transesterification where the dimethyl ester reacts with ethane-1,2-diol and cause ethane-1,2-diol exchanges for methanol. Polymerization of the monomer. Figure 2.4 represent the condensation reaction where the monomer undergoes polycondensation process with the elimination of ethane-1,2-diol. This process requires antimony (II) oxide which acts as the catalyst and conducted at high temperature and low pressure when the monomer and the polymer are molten. The ethane-1,2-diol is recycled. There are two type of polyester production; batch and continuous process. In a continuous process, the product can be fed directly into melt-spinning heads while on the other hand the removal of casting, chipping, blending and drying is a must in the batch processing. Cement …show more content…

According to Kumar, Dhane, and Priyadarshee (2015) fibers have three-dimensional reinforcement system which similar to root reinforcement where the fibers bind the soil particle together. Since soil usually good in compression but poor in tension, tensile element (fiber) that placed in the soil could help to improve the stability and control deformation of the soil (Kumar et. al., 2015). Strains in the soil mass generate strains and tensile loads in the reinforcement where its act to control the soil movement and thus give the soil additional strength. There are two type of fiber which are natural fiber and manmade fiber. Natural fiber consists of animal and plant fiber while manmade fiber consists of synthetic fiber and regenerated fibers. In this study, polyester fiber from waste tire product acts as the non-active additive while cement acts as the stabilizer which added to the peat soil sample to stabilized the

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For this lab, zeolite and magnetized zeolite were synthesized and compared with charcoal to find out with would be the most effective in the sequestering of Procion Red dye. Finding the concentration and absorbance of each zeolite, magnetized zeolite, and charcoal, along with a calibration curve, the best adsorbent is determined. Charcoal was the overall best sequestration of the Procion Red dye, since the adsorbent was highest compared to the others. Introduction Pollution has increased in the environment over the years, so the purpose of this experiment is to find the best adsorbent of chemicals to reduce the pollution.

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• Write down the highlighted numbers. Do you observe a pattern? • Does the pattern grow? What is the reason for this? • Write down the last number (say 53).

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Suppose you need to find the fractional European call and the fractional European put options. Let the Hurst parameter be $H=0.85$, the $\sigma=0,25$, $r=0.10$, $S_{fbm} = 100$, $K = 95$, we have \begin{eqnarray*} d_1^{fBm} & = & \frac{\ln{\frac{S}{K}} + \frac{1}{2}(r( T - t) + \frac{(1)\sigma^2{( T^{2H} - t^{2H})}}{2})}{\sigma{\sqrt{T^{2H} - t^{2H}}}}\\ & = & \frac{\ln(\frac{105}{100}) + (0.10(0.25 -0) + \frac{(1){0.25^2}{0.25^{2(0.85)} - (1)0.25^{2(0.85)}}}{2}}{(0.25){\sqrt{0.25^{2(0.85)} - 0}})} \end{eqnarray*} we obtain $d^{fBm}_1= 1.0558$. We find in the normal distribution that $N(1.0558)= 0.8544$ and $N(-1.0558) = 0.1456.$

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Shifa Sayeed can you check if this is all in past tense and if it has personal pronouns? The purpose of this experiment was to observe and thoroughly analyze how different substances of dissimilar intermolecular forces acted in different scenarios of evaporation, evaporative cooling, and boiling. In the lab, the three substances tested and compared were Acetone, Acetic Acid, and Propanol.

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To limit the amount of errors or contamination in any procedure lab safety rules, gloves, and the aseptic technique was strictly enforced throughout the experiment. The first step to identifying the unknown bacterium was the Streak Plate Method. This method is used to isolate a pure culture from a mixed culture. Also, this method included streaking a tryptic soy agar (TSA) plate into four quadrants, and later incubating the plate for 24 hours.

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Leah Romero 10/30/2017 Conclusion Lab 3 Chem 102L In lab 3, fundamentals of chromatography, the purpose was to examine how components of mixtures can be separated by taking advantage of different in physical properties. A huge process in this lab was paper chromatography, which was used to isolate food dyes that are found in different drink mixes. The different chromatograms of FD&C dyes were compared to identify which dyes are present in each of the mixes.

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The two polyesters produced in the first part of this experiment are a linear structured polyester with thermoplastic properties, and a cross-linked polyester with thermosetting properties. The linear polyester was produced from the reaction of phthalic anhydride with ethylene glycol. Due to the fact that both of these components have only two functional groups, the polymer chain is linear. As shown in Picture 1 above, the product formed from the reaction is a solid and resulted in a dark color change. The solid structure is form after cooling and the color change represented the presence of a reaction.

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It can be said that natural fibres has less of an effect on the earth and the economy than synthetic fibres, however there are pros and cons to everything. We look at natural fibres as being more natural and safer, we see it as making less of an effect on the earth and the economy and we see it as reducing our carbon foot print, however we often miss steps. We don’t look at what has to be done in order to get that product from the raw materials to the final product. There are pros and cons to both synthetic fibres and natural fibres.

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Question: Describe what happened to the original spot of plant pigment extract? The spot traveled from the faint line on at the tip of the chromatography paper and it then created bands of colors. The original color of the plant extract was a black color and the once it was immersed in developer four it then started to travel up the paper strip. How do your Rf values compare with those of your classmates? They were similar but some were different due to errors in the experiment.

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INTRODUCTION New product innovation using polymer based materials to be introduced is polymer opal apparel. The polymer opal apparel is absolutely not typical clothes because it has its own uniqueness and attraction due to the materials used to produce this product. Polymer opal apparel using polymer based materials which are spandex fibres and polymer opal. Uniqueness and advantages of polymer opal apparel is that it has an appearance in which the colour is changing due to strain, pressure and movement. Due to the structure of the stretchable spandex and a polymer opal structure that can change colour when stretched, this combination will make the apparel or clothes look more attractive and beautiful for people who wear this.

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