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Problem Oriented Policing Case Study

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A Policing Strategy to Reduce Crime: Problem Oriented Policing
The implementation of focused oriented programs in areas of increased criminal activity reduces crime and deters criminal behavior by deploying resources to problematic areas.

In the paradigm shift from the reform era to the community policing era in early 1980’s, it was found that the standard policing practices of that time were not effective on crime. Moreover, these practices included “rapid patrol car response to calls for service” (Kansas Police Department, 1977) or “preventive patrol”, which was an experiment conducted in Kansas City that is similar, to the modern day “beat patrol”. Research suggested that departments were more focused on management and staffing issues …show more content…

In the first step of scanning, law enforcement officials gather information within a community and identify potential problems and criminal behavior. Once information is gathered and a problem is identified, the second step is to analyze. This involves analyzing data about the problem that has been identified. Additionally, it includes figuring out why the problem is occurring and trying to narrow the scope of the problem. Furthermore, in this step, information is gathered to make the most effective decision in reference to the problem. In the third step, law enforcement officials make their selection on what to respond to or what area to focus on utilizing the analysis which has been gathered. At this point, an outline is made up of the specific objectives that the response is intended to achieve and the responsibilities of all parties involved. The fourth and final step is the assessment, which involves an evaluation and assessment of the response plan and whether or not the goals and objectives were accomplished. In addition, a critique can be done to suggest improvements and recommend changes to the response

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The given source proposes initiative measure No.594 regarding background checks for sales and transfer of guns. Initiative measure No.594 consists of three main part with its subparts. It includes: explanatory statement proclaiming the current law regarding gun distribution and its foreseen consequences that will apply to the current law if the measure is approved; fiscal impact statement including general assumptions, state revenue assumptions, state revenues, state expenditure assumptions, state expenditures, local government revenue assumptions, local government revenues, local government expenditure assumptions, local government expenditures; arguments against and arguments for measure No.594 coming into force. The main controversy of the document is a wobbly balance between a

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What is scan? Scan in the first stage of the SARA model of investigation for the New South Wales Police Force (NSWPF) for Problem Orientated Policing (POP). It is designed to recognise reoccurring issues or events as a trending problem for police and its community. POP requires police to identify incidents, group these incidents and recognise the underlying causes of the problem (Miller, Hess & Orthmann, 2014). This can be done through police data; data from sources outside of the police system; and from stakeholders that are effected.

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The following concepts of Community Oriented Policing, provides strategies that will build positive rapport with diverse communities: (1) regular channels of communication between the police agencies and immigrant community; (2), police agencies must include community representatives, and remain neutral in intragroup rivalries and hostilities in order to fully engage with immigrants; and (3) police policies and procedures regarding trust building in diverse communities, must be actively practiced and not just implemented as rules (Hanser & Gomila, 2015). Community oriented-policing is an effective method that could build positive relationships among diverse communities, reduce crime, and restore public trust. Another strategy that proves to

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After the intelligence is gathered from the sources it is then analyzed to begin new operations or further develop ongoing operations. Community policing is another philosophy used to better police communities. Community policing is designed to create a stronger connection and relationship with the community the organization is policing. It is designed to make the community more involved with social problems. The San Antonio Police Department takes advantage of both Intelligence-led Policing and Community Policing.

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Problem solving is used to reduce offending in a community. It believes that crimes are caused by existing social conditions. It involves both law enforcement and the community in ways to reduce or prevent crime (i.e., neighborhood watch). The community is a very important aspect of this operational strategy. Departments need to do more to develop solutions with a partnership of the community.

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The research continued successfully for twelve months, finishing on September 30, 1973. Findings became produced regarding the outcome of experimental circumstances on a wide variety of outcome measures, as described later. Moreover, the task force decided to exam the likely effects of routine preventive patrol by gathering a broad range of information from as many diverse sources as possible. Ordinarily, a selection of sources used to include surveys of community residents, departmental data, surveys of commercial managers, surveys of persons encountered by police, a response time survey, participant observer surveys, surveys of police officers, personnel activity analyses, and several others.

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Problem oriented policing is an approach that requires officers to analyze many similar criminal incidents, find the underlying cause, and then focus resources in an effort to not only stop, but to lower or prevent future criminal acts of the same nature (Ortmeier, 2005). Many police agencies have adopted the SARA (scanning, analysis, response & assessment) model approach to problem oriented policing. During the scanning process, similar incidents, of one or more, are identified. Police may identify problems through multiple sources such as community surveys, public forums, or one on one discussion with citizens (Ortmeier, 2005). Once a problem is identified, police must analyze all data for the given problem.

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As suggested by some experts, the most feasible solution to reduce crime and at the same time create a better police-community relationship is community policing. First of all, in order to understand more about community policing, one must recognize the true definition of such law enforcement strategy. Community policing is considered an organizational strategy in which the community and law enforcement are expected to work closely together in order to solve problems that affect everyone equally; such problems are fear of crime, physical and social disorder, and neighborhood decay. The main idea of community policing is that those people considered to be law abiding citizens should be allowed to have some kind of input in what involves the police work, in exchange for their participation and support (Jenkins, 1995). This type of interaction is encouraged by the idea that police alone cannot solve all the crimes that affect our communities.

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These are: first, the delivery of timely and accurate information to the personnel at each and every level of an organization. Second, selection of the most effective tactics for addressing specific issues. Third, the swift and focused deployment of personnel and resources to implement such tactics. Fourth, persistent follow-up and evaluation, in order to decipher what had transpired to undertake further tactical assessments wherever so warranted (Willis, 2011, p. 658). Such elements of the Compstat approach are vividly portrayed during the bi-weekly Compstat Crime Control Strategy Meetings of the NYPD.

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Problem oriented policing is a combination of law enforcement and social work (Jackson, 2016). This combination approach helps police officers to identify problems, analyze then, and determine the underlying cause. Identifying and addressing the root cause of crime is the goal of problem-oriented policing (Roufa, 2017). The SARA model is used to help officers with this method of modern policing. Problem oriented policing and the SARA model are used to proactively prevent crime, vs simply reacting to it.

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The relations from the problem-oriented policing model requires police departments to analyze the crime problems of the community. The final analyze leads the effective methods into the crime problems then the final aspect is to evaluate the outcome of their efforts. Community relations provides a strong resource in the problem-oriented policing application. Resources from the application then provide police officers methods to change the underlying reasons why high crime areas become recurring crime situations. It requires both the community as well as the police departments to form a strong relationship to evaluate the past crime methods than considering the best course of action to create different methods to combat crime in the community, (“Problem-Oriented Policing,”

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Team policing not only had to deal with police dispatchers who didn’t know which officer was a part of team policing, which later created problems. Also, with team policing, agencies attempted to maximize their interaction among team members by exchanging information, having team conferences, and having strong leaders. Team policing also attempted to have or attend regular community meetings, and team members were to make decisions with input from neighborhood residents. Lastly, team policing attempted to help officers become familiar with and committed to serving the neighborhoods they police. Moreover, community policing was dedicated to having nothing to do with criminal law enforcement but involves service to the community.

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The first objective of this study is to define and explain community policing as it is currently practiced in the U.S. Community policing and crime reduction is the 4th pillar as stipulated by the Police department under 21st-century policing. According to the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS Office), community policing refers to a philosophy that promotes organizational strategies, systematic use of partnerships, and problem-solving techniques. This philosophy aims to address public safety issues, such as fear of a crime, any form of social disorder, and others. Community policing is made up of three essential components, the first one being community partnerships. This involves engagement between the law enforcement agency

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First, community policing reduces disorder and increases positive community–police relations; second, community policing initiatives increase the positive attitudes that police officers have both toward their jobs and toward the community.” By having the exact same constabularies constantly patrolling their assigned regions, the officers will begin to better understand as well as acknowledge the needs of the community thus, tailoring the policing accordingly as it requires. For instance, if the public begins to show imitative and recognizes certain areas of weakness or trouble, they can relay this information to the authorities. And in turn, the police can commence to strengthen their efforts where they are required

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In fact, Cooper (1997, p. 97) asserts that many police departments currently have the following characteristics: they “adhere

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