Part of our definition/description of what it means to be a living thing on Earth includes the assertion that living things are made of cells and cell products. In other words, we consider the cell to be a pretty fundamental structural aspect of life.
Every living thing is made up of cells, these are the smallest basic unit of life of all living organism, from simple single celled organism like bacteria and amoeba to complex multicellular organism like us, and we have about 52 million cells. There are two categories of cells which were suggested by (Ris, H. 1960’s), Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. Eukaryotes arose around 1.2 thousand million years ago, and they evolved from prokaryotes which began around 3.5 thousand million years ago.
Prokaryotes
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Also suspended in the eukaryotic cytoplasm are the mitochondrion and also, unique to plant cells, the chloroplasts. The mitochondria in the eukaryotic cell are responsible for producing ATP. They are known as the powerhouses of the cell. A double membrane binds them and the inner membrane is folded into partitions known as cristae. The prokaryotic cell does not contain this specific organelle either. The cytoplasm of the prokaryotic cell also contains food storage particles, where chemicals are stored that can be converted into …show more content…
These two cells differ in sizes, prokaryote ranges from 1-4µm while eukaryotic ranges from 5> µm. cell wall is present in most but not in all cells, in bacteria cell wall is made up of polysaccharides, lipids and proteins. Animals cell (Eukaryotic) lacks cell wall, but cell wall of plant is made up of cellulose.
Prokaryotes do not have nucleus, while Eukaryotes do. The function of Nucleus is to control gene expression and mediate the replication of DNA during the cell cycle. In Number of chromosomes, each chromosome is linear having a centromere with two kinechores meant for attachment to spindle fiber during cell division.
Prokaryotic have smaller number of 70S types Ribosomes present which lie free in cytoplasm or are engaged in protein synthesis and Eukaryotic has the greater number with 80S types of Ribosomes. Ribosomes are made in the thickest part of the nucleus, the nucleolus, and then need to be transported around the cell in order to make proteins. Also suspended in the eukaryotic cytoplasm are the mitochondrion and also, unique to plant cells, the