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Pros And Cons Of Commercial Surrogacy

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In 1985, parents Bill and Betsy Stern had their child taken from their home. Twenty-six year old surrogate mother, Mary Beth Whitehead, came a mere four days after delivery and abducted Baby M (produced child). According to Bill and Betsy Stern, all went smoothly for the nine months prior to the birth and no complications arose between them and the carrier. As a result of Betsy’s diagnosis of sclerosis, both her and Bill decided they still wanted children without the dangers it would inflict upon Betsy and so decided to go with the surrogacy route. Whitehead was therefore the egg donor as well as the carrier. This ultimately provided Whitehead with support or physical evidence to take her want for custody to court. After weeks of court and …show more content…

Women are not forced into this role but willingly accept it. Some to simply help childless families, others to support their own. Moreover, women “frequently receive compensation—not for the child exactly, but for her labors” (Spar 71). Women do not sell their children, because they are not “their” children to sell. In her article, “How the Rise of Commercial Surrogacy is Turning Babies into Commodities” (2014), Claire Achmad highlights that surrogacy increases the chance of abandonment and violation of children’s right. Achmad develops her argument by using statistics on the growth of surrogacy, in order to point out the reasons it may be growing along with the consequences it will bring. Her purpose is to sway her audience against surrogacy. She appeals to those who see surrogacy as a abnormal or modernized approach to issues that date back a countless number of years and to those that may be able to stop or limit surrogacy by voting against it. She uses human rights laws to illustrate the way surrogacy counteracts them. However, this is close to impossible due to the variety of laws which have been articulated throughout different regions of the …show more content…

The timeline of a mere ten years can indicate substantial growth in science and medicine. The known errant of health and literal growth is infertility. Infertility wraps around its victims refusing to let go. Methods to dissolve the hold of infertility can be treatments to reverse it, adoption, and surrogacy. Surrogacy provides couples with the option of having their own, biologically related children. Although some disapprove of surrogacy, the undeniable truth is that surrogacy provides those who are otherwise unable to encounter parenthood and experience the phenomenon which has encompassed the world for countless years. The surrogate industry, while sometimes complicated, continues to prosper and become more and more popular. This unconventional solution to infertility is one which cannot be overlooked. Its stretchable boundaries give an avenue for most looking to overcome their state of health. Whether a miracle of life or violation of human rights, surrogacy remains a key element in impacting the lives of those in desperate search of

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The argument over a woman’s right to choose over the life of an unborn baby has been a prevalent issue in America for many years. As a birth control activist, Margaret Sanger is recognized for her devotion to the pro-choice side of the debate as she has worked to provide sex education and legalize birth control. As part of her pro-choice movement, Sanger delivered a speech at the Sixth International Neo-Malthusian and Birth Control Conference in March of 1925. This speech is called “The Children’s Era,” in which she explains how she wants the twentieth century to become the “century of the child.” Margaret Sanger uses pathos throughout her speech as she brings up many of the negative possibilities that unplanned parenthood can bring for both children and parents.

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Even today, there are many moral and philosophical issues that divide the United States because they create very polarized opinions and beliefs. One such philosophical issue is the moral permissibility of infanticide. Mary Anne Warren, a philosopher, presents her liberal yet controversial views on the issue of infanticide in the postscript of her article, On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion. However, the anti-infanticide arguments pose problems for Warren’s position because they justify the immorality of infanticide through the physical similarity in resemblance of neonates to human beings. These arguments also claim that the destruction of a viable infant is needless because even if the infant’s biological parents reject the infant, there are many other parents who are willing to adopt and nurture that infant.

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Where should the parameters surrounding women’s reproductive rights lie? The dystopian future book Unwind by Neal Shusterman discusses the aftermath of a war fought around a woman’s right to choose. The Heartland War, also commonly known as the Second Civil War, was fought by the Pro-Life and Pro-Choice armies. To end the war and settle the issue, a set of amendments to the Constitution called the Bill of Life was passed, which stated that human life cannot be touched from the time of conception until the age of thirteen. However, under these laws, parents or guardians may “abort” their child, as long as their child’s life doesn’t technically end.

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Rather than stating the argument, Willis poses it as a question, “Are the fetuses the moral equivalent of born human beings?” (Abortion Debate 76), thus showing how modern feminists can only support one side of the argument in their chosen stance, and cause limitations by doing so. In doing so, Willis shows how to some “extent… we objectify our enemy and define the terms of our struggle as might makes right, the struggle misses its point” (Ministries of Fear 210), which implies that feminists have completely missed the point of the argument by getting caught up in an answer. Rather than looking for a compromise or gray area, they exert their stance as the only solution that woman can have. Willis also shows how feminists fundamentally “see the primary goal of feminism as freeing omen from the imposition of so called ‘male values’, and creating an alternative culture based on ‘female values’”

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While others primarily center around the experience of the woman, I think that this argument is strengthened by its elements of compassion and concern for others. These values are widely accepted, and this argument is one of the few mentioned in Satz’s work that acknowledges how other groups besides women are impacted by contract pregnancy. I think the strength of this argument can also be measured by the weakness of Satz’s rebuttals of it. Satz’s rebuttals are essentially in two parts — 1) the idea that there is not enough empirical evidence surrounding aspects of the argument to form a solid conclusion and 2) the idea that injustice against children exists elsewhere in the world. Regardless of whether or not any empirical evidence does or does not say about the impact of contract pregnancy or children, the fact that there is no empirical evidence on the topic says enough.

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With almost half the nation divided among their views, abortion remains one of the most controversial topics in our society. Since Roe v. Wade, our views in society as well as following court cases have been progressing toward the woman’s right to choose. The precedent set by Roe v. Wade made the Supreme Court acknowledge that it cannot rule specifically when life begins and it also affirms that it is the woman’s right to have an abortion under the 14th Amendment. In the 1st Amendment, the Establishment Clause forbids the government from passing laws “which aid one religion, aid all religions, or prefer one religion over another”. Many Christian pro-lifers use their religious beliefs to dispute when life begins.

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Objectively speaking, women and men face starkly different realities. Women have for a long time been seen as subordinate to men in many respects, and women’s supposed lesser status has subjected them to an unwarranted slew of problems and dilemmas, all rooted in this arbitrarily established inequality. Debra Satz and Elizabeth Anderson write on two sets of moral dilemmas—prostitution and paid surrogate motherhood, respectively—that are specific to womanhood. Satz and Anderson both believe that the practices they describe are wrong, with Anderson coming out forthright in favor of the abolition of paid surrogate motherhood and with Satz warily mentioning that she supports decriminalization. I disagree with Anderson on the account that her criticism of paid surrogate motherhood is paternalistic in a way that Satz’s argument about prostitution is not.

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I believe women are respected and valued through the existence of ‘love’. However, the idea of surrogacy clearly appropriates ‘love’ between baby and his/her surrogate-mother, who has taken care of him/her in her own womb for almost 9 months. Hence, surrogate mother loses both her maternal and conjugal love that I believe all ordinary women deserve to receive. SJ: You have particularly chosen Christian chauvinist as the central power of Gilead government, raising aversion towards to the Christian. Is there any significance of your choice of

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Besides, most of them had minimal understanding of the medical procedures they had been subjected to. These women are often made to sign documents, in English, which they cannot understand and are kept ‘under lock and key’ until the obligations set forth in the contract are fulfilled. The surrogate mothers are not given a copy of the written contract which is signed between the surrogate mother, the commissioning parents and fertility physicians because of which they are not even aware of the clauses of the

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