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Pros And Cons Of Epigenetics

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Epigenetics is any altering gene activity that does not change DNA arrangement that may be passed down through offsprings. While researching and investigating more on this topic, according to https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1392256/, the Environmental Health Perspectives (EHP) states, “Epigenetic processes are natural and essential to many organism functions, but if they occur improperly, there can be major adverse health and behavioral effects.” In addition to that, in the website http://discovermagazine.com/2013/may/13-grandmas-experiences-leave-epigenetic-mark-on-your-genes according to Discovery magazine, Geneticists were especially surprised to find that epigenetic change could be passed down from parent to child, one generation
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Inheritance by Dr. Sharon Moalem is an exceptional book. Dr. Moalem’s goal for writing this book is to convey a new idea of genetics and inheritance to the reader. In middle school and high school we were taught that our genetics comes from our parents and that they are fixed throughout our lifetime, but Dr. Sharon Moalem brings the idea that the environment may alter them. He states that the food we eat and the trauma we endure during life can imprint onto our genes. Dr. Moalem works with rare genetic disorders where he accumulates his knowledge from research to help treat his patients with changing some environmental factors in their lives.

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American was pro Eugenics. America practiced eugenics many years befor germany. By 1928 there were 376 separate university courses in leading schools around the u.s.. America had a lot of funding from various groups including the rockefellers, carnegie institution,harriman railroad fortune, In 1897 michigan was the state to introduce compulsory sterilization but the bill fail to pass. In 1905 pennsylvania state passed its compulsory sterilization bill which was vetoed by the governor

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Stem cells are cells that haven’t differentiated yet. They have the ability to divide and make an indefinite number of copies of themselves. Other cells in the body can only replicate a limited number of times before they begin to break down. When a stem cell divides, it can either remain a stem cell or turn into a differentiated cell, such as a muscle cell or a red blood cell.

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As science becomes more advanced, research and testing of ways to heal the human body often leads to controversy over the moral and ethical dilemmas. The controversy over embryonic stem cell research has let to arguments over the funding of such research. Opponents to the research claim embryos are human lives and harvesting stem cells from them destroys the embryo thus kills a human life (SAUNDERS). Proponents argue the tremendous advantages to human health using embryonic stem cells that cannot be realized elsewhere (HUTTO). Dr. James Till and Dr. Ernest McCulloch discovered stem cells in mice in 1981.

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Embryonic stem cells come with numerous pros and cons. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are stem cells derived from the undifferentiated inner mass cells of a human embryo. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, meaning they are able to grow into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. These cells can be grown easily in culture. Stem cells differ from other kinds of cells in the body.

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What are Epigenetics? What are epigenetics? In an article by Current Science, entitled “Tag Team,” by Kirsten Weir, scientists at Duke University did an experiment. There are two mice.

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In the article, “Early-Life Experience, Epigenetics, and the Developing Brain”, a group of researchers were trying to prove that early-life experiences, along with parent-offspring interactions can cause epigenetic changes in the developing brains of infants and future generations. In order to observe these changes, a study was performed on lab rats. The researchers used many experimental approaches which included, natural variation in maternal care, early-life maternal separation, and strained mother-infant interactions (Kundakovic, Champagne, 2015). The study showed that rats who were away from their mothers for prolonged periods of time had increased levels of stress and had trouble functioning cognitively. It also showed that rats who received

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Genetically modifying animals to grow quicker and larger animals is ethical to a certain extent. In a previous TED talk, we learned that there is a vast difference between the ratio of food production and human reproduction, so the quantity of food that is being produced is insufficient for the human population. For this reason, genetically modifying animals would be ethical because it provides a new form of increasing the production rate of food and decreasing hunger. However, the ecosystem can be disturbed by genetically modifying an animals and the process may be harmful to the animal. It is not ethical to create organism to have characteristics that an individual desires.

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Gene therapy is most commonly described as the ‘changing’ of genes to treat illnesses and other disorders. The science of gene therapy works by attaching a properly functioning gene to a virus, or viral vector, to further be inserted into the cell that is perceived as damaged. One specific virus used is a retrovirus, which, according to those at the Genetics Home Reference, “integrate[s] their genetic material (including the new gene) into a chromosome in the human cell.” The retrovirus then modifies the cell’s genetic makeup, and, if the process is effective, a new functioning protein will be created and replicated throughout time. There is a type of gene therapy research that is called germ-line, this means that the integrated traits can be passed down to offspring through the gametes and, theoretically, to the following generation.

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The controversy over stem cell research is one of the most heated and debated issues in today’s society. The higher cost of such therapy makes it an ethical concern as this will not be within our means for the ordinary person (Dresser, 2010). The costs associated with research and clinical trials will be through the roof, but these costs will reduce as time and our knowledge evolves. Once successful, it will inevitably become a trend in the future. Stem cell therapy is at its beginning stages and already we see results that we once thought were inconceivable.

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Eugenics is the science of using artificial selection to improve genetic features of the population. It is thought that improvement of the human race can be seen through sterilization of people who exhibit undesirable traits and selective breeding. Often called Social Darwinism, the concept was widely accepted during the time of World War I. It quickly became a taboo after World War II when Nazi Germany used it as an excuse for genocide. The thought of improving the human race by manipulating who is allowed to breed can either be appalling or compelling.

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As with many medical tests, genetic tests do not give a precise answer about inherited diseases. Genetic tests are mostly done when there is a little chance of inheriting the disease if one of the family members had it. There are many complications that may occur before and after taking the test, such as stress and anxiety. In the article, “Genetic Testing of Children for Adult-Onset Disease: Is testing in the Child’s Best Interests?,” Mary Kay Pelias discuses if children should take a genetic test or not. He said, “If the information is carelessly conveyed to children, they may experience depression or loss of self- esteem, and

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Over the past few years the ethical implications of cloning have become a topic of discussion for many academics. This is due to the birth of Dolly the sheep in 1997, the first cloned mammal by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. The cloning of the sheep was seen as a major leap in the field of cloning mammals and in particular humans. (FIGO Committee, 2006). This essay will argue in favour of cloning and show that the ethical implications are insignificant when analytically examined.

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Epigenetics is the study of how some circumstances in life can cause genes to be either turned on or turned off. Circumstances like where one lives, teratogens (environmental toxins) (Siegler et al., 2014), or what one eats can potentially cause modifications to the genes that either turn on or off specific genes over a period of time. In other words, people often think their “fixed” a birth, however experiences play a vital role in gene expression. Epigenetics can affect development because depending on one’s life experiences it can change the course for better or worse.

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Is Genetic engineering Safe? Genetic engineering is the modification of an organism’s genetic composition by artificial means, often involving the transfer of specific traits, or genes, from one organism into a plant or animal of an entirely different species. Human beings ought to consider the pros and cons of genetic engineering before using it. It is a contentious topic because people have different views of weather genetic engineering is safe or not.

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