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Pros And Cons Of The Proportional Representation

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Every general election which has been held in Ireland since receiving it’s independence in 1922 has been under the system known as; Proportional Representation through a single transferable vote (PR-STV). The system came to Ireland as it was popular with British electoral reformers in the late 19th century and was seen as a solution which would assist with the crisis that was Home Rule. PRSTV was deemed to be particularly appropriate to this case as it guaranteed minority representation. The president of the Proportional Representation (PR) Party in Britain came to Dublin to give a lecture on the voting system and this resulted in the formation of a PR Society in Ireland of which Arthur Griffith, Irish nationalist and founder of the political party Sinn Fein was a member. This event played a key role in moulding the future of electoral law in Ireland as it meant that there was strong support for PR in favour of the British single member plurality (SMP) system. (Gallagher,1987) Supporters of Proportional Representation have come up with a range of ideas and distinctions within the system since the …show more content…

The voter is presented with a list of possible candidates to choose from, the voter then orders the candidates in order of preference labelling their most preferred candidate as number one their second most preferred candidate as number two and so on. Though voters may indicate as few or as many preferences as they like. Data from the IRISH NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY estimate that the average voter expresses 3.9 preferences. (Coakley and Gallagehr, 2009) It still remains that each individual has only one vote and is instructing exactly how he or she wishes it to be used. Once the votes have been cast understanding of the system becomes more hazy but it still stands that PR-STV is easily understood in the way in which the voter needs to grasp it. (Coakley and Gallagher,

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1. Collective decision making, such as determining the level of public goods, differs from standard decision making within a household in two important ways. First, there is a problem of eliciting preferences. If the amount that individuals have to pay depends on their statements, they may tend to understate their true preferences. If the amount that individuals have to pay does not depend at all on their statements, they may tend to overstate their true preferences.

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The greatest reform of democracy came from the people pushing the boundaries of what a democracy should be—the Progressive Movement. If there is to be hope of abolishing partisan gerrymandering and bringing true voting equality, or at least moving toward equality, for the first time in U.S. history, it is going to require another social movement, similar to the Progressive

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Rush is not in favor of proportional representation because in order for a proportional representation to succeed other parts of the government need to change, and with those changes other things would sacrificed. There would be a ripple effect on the rest of the government if there was a switch to the PR system. Also with a PR system voters would have no choice whatsoever among the candidates they elect What factors limit third parties from winning an

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The cold war was a silent conflict between the East and West; a war based on being threatened by different ideologies. The world was hungry for power, to make their nation superior to one another. The cold war and Australia’s involvement has a large chapter in the books of history; political manipulation to increase Australia’s position of power. This essay will outline the motivation in the Australian political positions to aid the Unites States; the reason Australia joined in the Cold War. Using the Parliamentary Debate by Sir Robert Menzies, and then the newspaper entry by Australian ambassador Allan Renouf.

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Anna Howard Shaw uses a serious and persuasive tone in her speech to present her central idea that all citizens; men and women alike, should have the right to vote. Shaw believes that it is not fair to say that New York is a republic and not follow through with it completely. In the text Shaw says, “Now one of two things is true: either a Republic is a desirable form of government, or else it is not. If it is, then we should have it, if it is not then we ought not to pretend that we have it.” This statements shows that Shaw I very serious about the rights that a republican should have.

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Is Gerrymandering a Controversial Topic? Gerrymandering is a process where the ruling political party uses the map of their state to draw lines that create voting districts in favor of their party. The result of this is that it doesn’t reflect the voters political views. For about 200 years the government has used gerrymandering during political elections and it continues to be used today (King, Elizabeth) .

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Following the recent presidential election of Donald Trump, many individuals have been up in arms over whether or not the Electoral College is a fair way to elect the President of the United States. When Hillary Clinton won the national popular vote, yet Donald Trump became president, there were many questions brought up, as to why the Electoral College is still a running system. The Electoral College was made at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, by the Founding Fathers of America. The Founding Fathers held many meetings to decide on a fair way to elect the President. They thought of using a popular vote, but soon realized it would cause too many problems.

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Gerrymandering restrictions is likely to be a key topic of debate for the Supreme Court as partisan lines have tested the constitutionality of the act. While this process of redrawing boundary lines has been around for a long time, it is not the same that it once was. The act of gerrymandering and redrawing boundaries has become more of a drastic partisan act in the modern election world than ever before because of technology. The 1986 Supreme Court ruling in Davis v. Bandemer declared partisan gerrymandering for electoral advantage justiciable under the United States Constitution. The asymmetry standard in testing for gerrymandering states that the act needs to exhibit intentions that partisan gerrymandering would be recognized for its given distribution of popular votes, if parties switch who holds the popular vote and if the number of seats in a district would change unequally based on Supreme Court cases Vieth v. Jubelirer and LULAC v. Perry.

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Indeed, 574 000 citizens equal one vote[1]. Nevertheless, each state must have at least three votes… In fact, some big states must give votes to little ones. For instance, Ohio has eighteen votes instead of twenty for Rhodes Island to have four[2]… Then, it seems that Electoral College’ members don’t reflect the national popular will.

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Ensuring the vote by drawing the district 's lines, entails that normal constituents of a party will have their right to vote violated. The Voting Right Act while allowing this dilution, does not consider the fact that the votes become so diluted that they are meaningless. Making a vote meaningless does not only throw the concept of voting out, but also the basis of this country, democracy. Democracy is the decision making process exercising the authority to solve public problem, according to the three principles of: Popular Sovereignty, Political Equality, Majority Rule. The principle of political equality is being ignored by making a group’s vote diluted to the point where it means nothing, makes their vote unequal to others.

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Factions and Federalist Essay No. 10 The federalist papers were a series of 85 essays written to convince the citizens of New York to ratify the constitution. Federalist essay No.10, written by James Madison, discusses political factions and their effects. Madison’s definition of a faction is clearly stated in the essay.

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Research Paper On Democracy in Canada Name : Harpreet Kaur Introduction The word democracy describes a Political System of any country. Dramatic changes have taken place in recent Years at the national level with respect to the day today functioning of our constitutional democracy. In a Democratic country like Canada , America all the citizens that are eligible have the rights to participate directly or indirectly in decision making that affect them.

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Single Transferable Vote (STV) is developed by Thomas Hill in 1819 for the purpose of electing the Committee of the Birmingham (England) Society for Literary and Scientific Improvement. He was a mathematician and schoolmaster. The Single Transferable Vote (STV) is defined as a type of proportional representation that produces a proportional parliament with local representation and the direct election of individuals. Single transferable vote (STV) is the predominant form of proportional representative in countries with a heritage of English influence. STV is used for the election of the Dáil (Assembly) in Ireland, the Senate in Australia, the House of Representatives in Malta and local councils in Scotland.

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1312 Words | 6 Pages

The first voting rule is called unanimity. It means that the outcome is agreed by all voters. In this method, each individual's preference matters, since one single disagreement can change the outcome. In this case, every individual prefers one option to another, therefore, it must result in a societal preference. This reaches Pareto improvement, making at least one person better off without making at least preference criterion worse off.

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This is a biggest question that I always want to ask people. Since the 1960s, the US Supreme Court has established a standard for equal representation in a democracy, which is “one person, one vote.” As a Chinese immigrant and had been living in a communism country for 15 years. To be honest, I do not understand how one vote is representing people’s voice in election and how one vote is representing democracy. Can one vote affect the final result in election?

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