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Racial Discrimination In Urban Brazil

490 Words2 Pages

The focus of this article was skin color, perception of racism, and depression among adolescents in urban Brazil. The prevalence of major depression was 10.4 percent higher among those who reported racial discrimination. This was an empirical article that determines the relation between race, ethnicity, and health. In this article there was one discussion that racism is a risk factor for depression because of the stress from unfavorable life conditions or social exclusion prevailing among most ethnic minorities while the other assumes that racism is a psychological pathogen by itself (Nazroo, 2003). Racial discrimination is strongly related to poverty and socioeconomic status needs to be taken into account when this hypothesis is examined. The results from recent research reveals that effects of racial discrimination on health may be mediated by low self esteem. With the purpose of contributing to a better understanding of this issue, in a setting where the majority of the population is black in this particular article the hypothesis that having black skin color and perceived experience of racial discrimination are positively associated with major depression. The depressive symptoms among adolescents will be tested, …show more content…

Several studies described a consistent increased frequency of depression or depressive symptoms among adults who perceived racial discrimination. There were no significant differences found for major depression or depressive symptoms according to skin color. The adolescents who reported racial discrimination were more likely to have major depression despite age, sex, or socioeconomic status. Discrimination is an everyday occurrence. It is plausible that discrimination may affect health depending on the frequency and intensity. A high level of tolerance concerning racial differences is the norm in

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Racial segregation makes people of color have major social economic differences because society wants to separate people of color from the wealthier people. The lack of attention that society has put on the differences of color in the Hispanic/Latino community, have affected colored people in the way they look and their skin color. There are a lot of people who believe that darker skin people have less value as a person than light skin people because of the way society sees them. As the Latino population eventually grows future wise, there should be mental help groups who can assist the Latino community when in need. The focus of the psychological literature helps the Latino community to identify their differences such as, where Latinos originated different cultures, and the stages of ethnic and racial self-identification.

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I have always been fascinated on different variables that affect young minorities’ emotional, mental, and physical behaviors. I came across this scholarly Journal of Black Psychology in my Psychology of the African American Experience. This field is very important to me because it speak about the community that I connect with and mention that there are different psychological theories and methods that should be used to based on minorities and not a universal

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Ayalon and Young (2013) African Americans reported less pessimism, dissatisfaction, self-blame, and suicidal ideation and more sense of punishment and weight change, but for reasons unrelated to depression. Self-dislike was a stronger manifestation of depression in Caucasian Americans, and sleep disturbance, loss of appetite, and loss of libido were stronger manifestations of depression in African Americans. African Americans reported more somatic symptoms than did Caucasian Americans, although both racial groups exhibited similar cognitive and affective disturbances. African Americans reported more worry, muscular tension, general anxiety, and autonomic

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Even in interracial environments such as schools, that interracial contact with whites did not negatively affect Blacks’ self-esteem. The above findings are especially pertinent to the study of African American women and self-esteem. Black women were once predicted to have low self-esteem because scholars thought they internalized demeaning messages of themselves and measured themselves against a white

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One could be called “el negro” without looking African; the term is used to refer to a person with dark skin. This term devoids Afro-Colombians and indigenous Colombians of their racial identity as the manner it is used in implies that the individual’s “darkness” is mutable. The term does not consider specific facial features that suggest ancestry. Skin color is used as a way to divide social class; darker skinned people are associated with poverty or low class. Light skinned people are viewed as rich or comparatively better off (Bethencourt).

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This can affect others because they start feeling like if they are not enough and that they should change the way they are and also their cultured too. Another impact is that they might commit suicide so they do not get discriminated any more. This is the reason why we should accept people, no matter their race or how they look, therefore, people tend to commit suicide in situation in situations they should not because many people ignorances does not

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Discrimination is something that everyone experiences at some point or time in their life. When it comes to the Hispanic population discrimination presents itself in the form of employment, racial slurs, wages, language, educational level and health services rendered just to name a few. Do to the fact that most of the Hispanic population are considered immigrants coming over to America and not having a great deal of education this alone has caused issues the most with facing stigmatism and poor treatment (NCBI, 2012). When it comes to healthcare often discrimination is exhibited with experiencing longer wait times, negative attitudes, and often times poorer quality of service. Also, they experience what is called language discrimination which

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“In recent times, discrimination has been reconceptualized to include the chronic stressors, or everyday experiences with discrimination, that take a significant toll on individuals’ physical and psychological health” (Araújo & Borrell, 2006). Thus, it is becoming increasingly important to identify the particular stressors that negatively affect the daily lives of marginalized groups. “One of the ways that chronic stressors have been found to negatively impact people of color (i.e., Latina/os, Asian Americans, and Blacks) is through experiences with racial and ethnic microaggressions” (Nadal, 2011; Rivera, Forquer, & Rangel, 2010; Sue, Bucceri, Lin, Nadal, & Torino, 2007; Sue et al., 2008). Racial microaggressions are defined

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Being a racial minority or being of lower social status directly influences your health and longevity. For example, in the United States life expectancy at birth for whites is 79 years compared to for African-Americans who have a life expectancy of 75.3 years (Conley, 423). Being a racial minority can decrease your life expectancy and your health purely based off from the stress. Minorities face racism every day in today's society and whether it be blatant or subliminal can still cause a lot of stress. This stress comes in school, workplace, and extracurricular activities especially in areas where they are a strong minority.

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I also agree that racism is in every nation and not just in the U.S. I have friends from cultures where that majority or all the population is white, and sometimes they make prejudices comments and don 't even notice. In my Brazil, my country, even though they have a strong law against racism, we can always observe it in forms of jokes. However, the only thing that I perceive here in the U.S, is that racism here goes in many directions; white people against black people, black people against white people, and brown people against black people. I don 't know, sometimes is very confusing.

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Furthermore, those who reported fair treatment during encounters with law enforcement had fewer symptoms of PTSD and anxiety. In addition to the mental health symptoms of individuals who have encounters with law enforcement, those who witness these events directly or indirectly may also be impacted negatively. In an attempt to capture how racism and discrimination negatively impacts the physical and mental health of people of color, many scholars have coined the term “racial trauma” or race-based traumatic stress. Racial trauma may result from racial harassment, witnessing racial violence, or experiencing institutional racism (Bryant-Davis, & Ocampo, 2006; Comas-Díaz, 2016). The trauma may result in experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, feelings of humiliation, poor concentration, or

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First, individuals cannot serve as their own control group and test whether they would have received better treatment as a member of more privileged groups (Fiske, 1998). Second, discrimination is easier to detect with aggregated evidence than single cases, because single cases are easy to explain (Crosby, 1984). Third, individuals may deny discrimination to avoid feeling that they are being mistreated by others or that they do not have control over their situation (Ruggerio & Taylor, 1997; Taylor, Wright, Moghaddam, & Lalonde, 1990). As a result of these and other reasons, women and minorities are more likely to perceive discrimination against their group than against themselves personally (Crosby, 1984; Taylor, Wright, & Porter, 1994). To correlate the research on barrier to the removal of discrimination and Lenli’s case study, she might be unable to detect discrimination by the group towards

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This meta-analysis of racial socialization research examined its nature and frequency, looked for predictors, and saw that the consequences impacted ethnic identity, self-esteem, coping with discrimination, academic achievement, and psychosocial well-being. Unfortunately, personality traits was not a frequently researched consequence, which proves a possible oversight in literature. Another aspect that was recognized in this study was the prioritization of African American racial socialization research. In that lens, there is a lot of research on the impacts of racial socialization on academic performance, friendships, discrimination, ethnic identity, and mental health. The body of literature is growing for other races, but it is still small compared to that which exists for African Americans, likely due to the powerful Black-White tension in the United

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2.4 21st century: Race discrimination decrease, but not disappear.

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