Religion has a dominant role in modern cultural racism so Islamaphobia fits perfectly into the category. “Only within the outlined long durée of historical continuities together with the recent hegemony of cultural racism can we understand the relationship between Islamophobia and racism today. It is absolutely impossible to de-link the hate or fear against Muslims from racism against non-European people. Islamophobia and cultural racism are entangled and overlapping discourses” (Ramón Grosfoguel and Eric Mielants).
Another important section highlighted in The Long-Durée Entanglement Between Islamophobia and Racism in the Modern/Colonial Capitalist/Patriarchal World-System is Islamophobia as epistemic racism. This view on Islamophobia argues
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In political science Islamophobia is blamed based on policy while sociology is more on culture. It can be said that political science focuses on the “what” and soiciology focuses on the “whom.” Most times different disciplines will contradict each other, but in this case both of these disciplines seem to piggyback off each other. There are elements of sociology in The Relationship between the Muslim World and the United States and the Root of Islamophobia in America and there are elements of political science in the article The Long-Durée Entanglement Between Islamophobia and Racism in the Modern/Colonial Capitalist/Patriarchal World-System. Viewing the problem from an interdisciplinary approach can and will help solve the problem of Islamophobia. Viewing Islamophobia from a general view, one cannot fully understand why it exists. Applying different disciplines such as political science and sociology helps someone dissect the problem.
The problem of solving Islamophobia is to first understand where it comes from. The reader should now understand that foreign policy, religion, and racism are the driving factors for Islamophobia. People are usually afraid of what they are unfamiliar with. If Americans became more familiar with Islam and did not believe everything they hear Islamaphobia can be a thing of the