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Global Assemblage In International Relations

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Ever since the Romantic era at least, the nation has become the dominant form of political identification as nationalist movements around the world - at first in Europe and then beyond - have progressively liberated indigenous populations from imperialist subjugation. Correspondingly, the nation-state has “commanded the attention of the historian through most of the modern age” and still today, “history continues to be written in national languages for national audiences” (Iggers and Wang, 2008: 366-67). Similar is true of International Relations (IR), where the nation-state remains the cornerstone of realist theory and where much attention is given to the problem of “failed states” and the need for “nation building” in areas of the world such …show more content…

Global assemblages can take many forms, ranging from neoliberal reforms of public service sectors, to global standards in finance and accounting, to responses to global terrorism, to the global trade in human body parts. Global assemblages are distinctive, however, because they all follow a logic that is fundamentally global, rather than national, such that when they do take effect in national contexts they serve to redefine previously existing social and institutional arrangements, thus prompting ‘a shift in the core dynamics of social, cultural, and economic life’ (2005: …show more content…

Globalization may turn out not to be the ‘universalizing’ force that many envisage: global trade has only recently returned to levels last seen in 1913, for instance - the eve of the Great War. In drawing together people of different and usually contending worldviews, globalization could yet prove to be a recipe for more international conflict rather than a means of reconfiguring different nations along similar lines based on ‘global assemblages’. History, as ever, will deliver the final

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Canada's immigration system lacks heart, critics say by Debra Black The concept of the nation-state is recent, dating back in its present form to the 19th century. The term nation and “state” do not mean the same things (Sociocultural Anthropology: A Problem-Based Approach, 2016). Anthropologists argue that nation-states and nationalism are one form of an ‘imagined community’ (Anderson, 2006) in which human groups organize, relate to each other and construct identities about themselves and others.

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INTRODUCTION Over history the world has undergone massive transformations and has become increasingly globalised. According to BBC, globalisation is the manner by which “the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and cultural exchange” (Bbc.co.uk, 2014.) Globalisation has been achieved through liberalised immigration policies, the influence of cooperations, ‘mass consumer culture’ and increased international trade.

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Courtney Grove Addictions/Assessments/Interventions Spring 2017 All of the personal stories in this book are an attempt to help individuals identify with the authors. Hopefully, after reading each story we, and alcoholics alike may say to themselves "I'm very much like _____. My alcohol use has followed a similar pattern and I have also tried different ways to control my drinking with similar, pained results. Perhaps the steps that _______ followed will work for me also.” This keeps the sneaky pull of alcohol at the forefront of their minds, learning from the experiences of others and remembering their own experiences from the reality standpoint rather than with fond remembrance.

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The novel Unmasking the Face by Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen was very interesting. It provided information on how to read six different emotions on the face. The book served as a guide to help understand emotions that people portray on their face. The guide focused on six main emotions: surprise, fear, disgust, anger, happiness, and sadness. In addition to all of emotions it explained the different types of signals that can appear on the face.

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Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction of an ethnic, racial, religious or national group that has brought many losses for human population through the whole history of the world. First cases of genocide had such reasons as territorial, competing and religious arguments. For instance, one of the first genocides is thought to be the Roman destruction of Carthage in 146 BCE that occurred due to religious reason and the competitiveness of these two superpowers. The history has seen many cases of genocide, but this social problem especially spread worldwide during the twentieth century which was even claimed to be the “century of genocide”.

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Finally, offensive realist, such as Mearsheimer, believes that the main goal of all great powers is to first become a regional hegemon and then, eventually, a global hegemon. Mearsheimer also spends a considerable amount of time describing what he calls “the stopping power of water”. I believe that these ideas are mostly false. In this essay I hope to offer my opinion on each of these main points of Mearsheimer’s the Tragedy of Great Power Politics and offensive realism itself. Mearsheimer believes that states are always paranoid of the power of their neighbor and states fear that a more powerful state may take it’s sovereignty.

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Section II: Units have gone from nomads and tribes to city-states, empires, and states. States formed as the primary unit or actor as the international system itself became more integrated politically and economically. Prior to this though, different systems yielded different actors; the actors or units of international politics have changed throughout history. From the nomads of the Caucus region, to European city-states, and finally to the post-WWII sovereign state, those who participate in international systems have transformed through the sense of identity, nationalism, and common history.

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The word denotes a group of people and their common geographical origin. Nationalism forged strong bonds and loyalty between the people and the state. Nationalism and national identity have been the fundamental ideas, which have led to the creation of nation states in the past 2 centuries (Olins, 2002). Citizens owed their supreme loyalty to the nation and its representative state institutions. Patriotism was present in European societies long ago but nationalism was invented to reinforce the cultural and linguistic unity of people.

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We now know that that assumption is far from the truth. What we were witnessing was fragmented globality. It was an increased but selective form of capital, which also intensified the differences between labor markets across national borders and the uneven integration of global consumer markets. Frederick Cooper argued globalization was more of a discourse than a applicable reality; it may cause change over time but it lacks a perspective of history needed to differentiate between its mechanisms and limits of spatial

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The first great-war shattered the human mind so profound that out of its aftermaths’ emerged a fresh discipline (in 1919 at the University of Whales known to us as International Relations) proposed to prevent war. “It was deemed by the scholars that the study of International Politics shall find the root cause of the worlds political problems and put forward solutions to help politicians solve them” (Baylis 2014:03). International Relations happened to play the role of a ‘correcting-mechanism’ restoring the world order of peace and amity by efforting at its best to maintain the worlds’ status quo. However with the emergence of a second world war much more massive that the first put at stake all the values of that young discipline of IR. The

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national politics Adam Watson’s Evolution of International Society gave a new dimension in the understanding of international relations (IR). He deeply studied comparatively the formation of international society and political community of the past which has evolved into the modern world system in his ‘Evolution of International Society’. Unlike Kenneth Waltz views of anarchy as the only system in IR, Watson says there are two systems viz. anarchy and hierarchy. In between these systems is the hegemony which defines the contemporary IR.

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The Warwick debate provides approaches to the study of nationalism. It laid the foundation for the development of two approaches to the study of nationalism. The first approach is Smith’s primordial approach and the other is Gillnets modernist approach. Smith’s argument begins with the definition of nationalism and the difference between a state and a nation.

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Alexander Wendt's Social Theory of International Politics proposes a theory that places great importance on the role of identity, shared ideas and norms in defining state behaviour. He theorises a structural and idealist worldview which contrasts with the individualism and materialism that underpins much of the mainstream international relations theories. As I explore the gist of Wendt's book, I will attempt to summarise the key findings, contributions to International Relations and to a certain extent, the limitations of Wendt's theory. Wendt is critical to both liberal and realist approaches that emphasises materialist and individualistic motivations for state actions while discounting identity, norms and shared values.

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Moving on to the idea of nationalism, Ernest Gellner (1997) understood nationalism as a product of industrial society. He defines nationalism as “primarily a political principle, which holds that the political and national unit should be congruent” (Guibernau and Rex 1997: 52). Nationalism, Gellner says is either a product of feeling of anger when the principle discussed above is not fulfilled or a product of feeling of satisfaction aroused by its fulfilment. Therefore, “nationalism is a theory of political legitimacy” (Guibernau and Rex 1997: 52). Gellner justifies the repercussions of the idea of “nationalism is a theory of political legitimacy” by discussing how the political effectiveness of national sentiment impairs the sensibility of the nationalists to realise the wrong committed by the nation.

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When it comes to comparing the past with the present, the idea of globalisation is deliberated quite often. The twentieth century coined the term ‘globalisation’ as international organisations were introduced, aiming to reduce trade barriers and maintaining healthy global trade relations. On the other hand, the twenty-first century induced a fear of globalisation as companies were outsourcing their production allowing certain societies to continue development while others remained constant. In June 2016, Brexit (Britain’s exit) took place because the majority of the United Kingdom (UK) voted to leave the European Union (EU). This event exhibits people disrupting the political mandate by voting against cultural and economic globalization.

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