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Reconstruction Dbq

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The Reconstruction era of 1865 was an attempted unify the states of the United States of America after the Civil War. This proved to be terribly difficult and contentious process. The three main issues the federal government had to deal with included how to deal with states as they re-joined the Union, how Southern whites should be treated, and how to deal with the freed slaves. Furthermore, President Lincoln’s reconstruction plan included that states never truly seceded from the Union as this was not legally possible, and therefore they should not necessarily be punished. The plan had two major provisions: Pardons of Southerners who participated in the war if the took an oath of allegiance to the United States and Readmission of a state if 10% of white voters in that state took …show more content…

On the other hand, Congress, most of all Radical Republicans, did not agree with Johnson’s actions. In fact, they would not allow the newly elected Southern representatives and senators from joining Congress in December of 1865. Instead , Congress enacted their own Reconstruction plan which consisted of: Creation of a Freedmen's Bureau to help newly freed slaves, passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to help protect freedmen from laws such as the Black Codes that were being passed in many Southern states, passage of the 14th Amendment, the purpose of which was to ensure that future legislatures could not revise the Civil Rights Act, passage of Reconstruction Acts that made restoration to the Union more difficult. Seven states were readmitted to the Union in 1868. Furthermore, congress prepared the 15th Amendment in 1868, it required the rest of the states to ratify the amendment to be readmitted and eventually all states were readmitted by 1870. On another note, Andrew Johnson and Congress had multiple disputes throughout his

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The Reconstruction of many Southern states from the year 1865 to 1877 is a failure, although reconstruction plans are set up, African Americans still face the same poor treatment they are given prior to the Civil War. The president at the time, Abraham Lincoln, puts in place a reconstruction plan to help rebuild the South in a way it has never been before, without slaves. Lincoln also puts the thirteenth amendment in place, which abolishes slavery. However, after Lincoln’s death, his Vice President, Andrew Johnson takes over and overrules his reconstruction plan, and puts in place his own, which favors the former Confederate states. Johnson fights with congress over the passing of the fourteenth amendemnet, but Congress overrules his vetoes,

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Johnson shared very little in common with the late president Lincoln. One of their few similarities was the intent to not

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Then again Johnson tries to veto the bill, but congress overrides the bill and became a law.(“Slavery Timeline”)

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Indeed, the need for reconstruction was more than welcome. Recontruction, 1865-1877 President Abraham Lincoln had a flexible and realistic approach towards reconstruction. He insisted that slaves had to be emancipated, and this could only be possible after defeating the Southerners. In this regard, he appointed military governors like Andrew Johnson, whose success in the reconstitution of Tennessee proved worthwhile, leading to his recommendation as vice president on the Republican ticket under Lincoln in 1864 (Klotter et al., 2005). Following the assassination of President Lincoln, with Andrew Johnson assuming power, it was believed that he would be able to work well with the Congress, in order to effectively administer the reconstruction process.

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The Reconstruction, one of the roughest and controversial era in American history, took place after the Civil War between 1865 and 1877. This began the process of bringing the Nation back together and giving former slaves equals rights by three new Constitutional amendments.    From the beginning of the Civil War in 1861, Lincoln’s goal was the restoration of the Confederate states to the Union. In 1863, Lincoln proposed the Ten Percent Plan that granted amnesty to those Confederate states which swore an oath of allegiance to the Union. It would have given a general pardon to all southerners excluding high-ranking Confederate army officers and government officials.

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Reconstruction Era: Congressional Reconstruction During the Reconstruction Era President Abraham Lincoln introduced the “10 percent plan”. Abraham Lincoln’s plan included allowing Confederate states to rejoin the union once 10 percent of the people swore an oath of loyalty. His plan also included for states to formalize the 13th Amendment to eradicate slavery. Radical Republicans led by Thaddeus Stevens thought that the Reconstruction Plan that was put forth by Abraham Lincolns was too lenient on the Confederate States.

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Throughout the era of Reconstruction, President Andrew Johnson and Congress clashed in their views and policies, which can be seen in the way that they responded to one another’s actions. In May of 1865, President Johnson outlined his plan for reuniting the nation. This consisted of Johnson issuing a series of proclamations, one of which offered a pardon to nearly all of the white southerners, with the requirement that they had to take an oath of allegiance to the Union. In addition to this, the proclamations appointed provisional governors and ordered them to call state conventions to establish loyal governments in the South, elected by whites alone.

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One plan of Reconstruction that had an impact was Lincoln’s original plan. Lincoln’s plan was named The 10% plan. The 10% plan was the first plan to be used and was favored in the South because it was not severe and very easy. Lincoln’s plan was that 10% of white voters in the South had to take an oath of loyalty to the U.S. to be able to join it again and any Confederates who served would be offered amnesty, this included everyone but the leaders who would get punished but only minimal amount. If the state swore loyalty they would again be a U.S. state which means that they would get a representative in Congress.

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Congress answered them and refused to seat legislators from those states, and advanced legislation to overrule the Southern actions and give the spaces their rights. Johnson denied their bills, and Congress overpowered him, setting a pattern for the remainder of his presidency and his time in the office. Johnson opposed the Fourteenth Amendment, which gave citizenship to former slaves. Then congress created a new act. The Tenure of Office Act.

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Southern states were required to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment before being readmitted to the union. The Fourteenth Amendment was adopted on July 9, 1868 as a Reconstruction Amendment. It was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War, addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws. “ The states had to ratify the 14th Amendment to be accepted. (The amendment requires states to provide equal protection under the law to all persons (not only to citizens) within their jurisdictions).

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Johnson and the Radical Republicans fought fiercely over Reconstruction. The main source of conflict between President Johnson and the Radical Republicans in Congress was caused by their belief that Johnson was a Southern sympathizer who would undermine Congress' plans for Reconstruction. Johnson wanted to let the Confederate states back into the Union if a certain number of them would swear allegiance to the U.S. He was for allowing states’ rights and did not want to give any rights or citizenship to African-Americans. Johnson seemed to move slowly on Reconstruction efforts.

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Although slavery was declared over after the passing of the thirteenth amendment, African Americans were not being treated with the respect or equality they deserved. Socially, politically and economically, African American people were not being given equal opportunities as white people. They had certain laws directed at them, which held them back from being equal to their white peers. They also had certain requirements, making it difficult for many African Americans to participate in the opportunity to vote for government leaders. Although they were freed from slavery, there was still a long way to go for equality through America’s reconstruction plan.

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Johnson repudiated Confederate war debts, and he also supported Black Codes. Johnson did not protect the rights of the freed black men the way that Lincoln did. He took steps to defend a dependant black work force for the South, and restricted the rights of African-Americans . Freedmen were not allowed to marry interracially, perform jury duty, or give even testimony in court against whites. Johnson’s plan had many issues.

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Reconstruction was a period of time dedicated to rebuilding the nation after the Civil War. The war ended with the South being defeated and their economy being devastated. Many Southerners struggled after the war with rebuilding their land and lives. The President and Congress had to decide the terms for which the former Confederate states would be permitted to join the Union. President Lincoln’s plan for reuniting the country was found in the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction.

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During his presidency, Congress ratified the 13th-Amendment that abolished slavery in 1865. In addition, President Johnson made contributions to the black people by vetoing bills that increased protection offered by Freedman Bureau. His vetoes also nullified the Black Codes and guaranteed full citizenship and equal rights to black people. This brought up the Civil Rights Act of 1866, an act that granted citizenships and same rights that both black and white enjoyed. As a result, the Civil Rights Act set up the basis for the 14th amendments that was also later ratified in 1866.

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