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Differences between individualism and collectivism
Differences between individualism and collectivism
Effects of europeans on native americans
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The Europeans were the ones to initiate the human encounter seeing that Columbus accidently stumbled upon America. To the natives, the Europeans were strangers, invaders that they saw as threats, causing them to go into a defensive state. The Natives responded in multiple ways based on factors such as: “perceived nature, power and stance of the European challengers” (Axtell 100). In order to maintain the status quo ante, the natives attempted at using five strategies: incorporating the Europeans, beating them, joining them, copying their ways, and avoiding them altogether. The Europeans were seen as “equal or superior” in the native’s eyes “powerful and potentially dangerous “persons,” animated “souls” like their own, or “gods,” “spirits” from the heavens (Axtell 101).
The explorers of the Americas were both fascinated and disgusted by the Native American way of living. The Indians had no structured set of rules or government and did not even have a ruler. Their society was free from social classes based on land ownership, which was common in the Old World. A common nickname for the Indians was the “noble savage,” which meant “the man of liberty living in the natural state” (Weatherford, 1988, p. 124). Although the word “chief” implies authority, each Indian was equal to one another and was spiritually tied to the land they lived upon.
Between the years 1600 to 1700, English colonists were just settling the New World and establishing their own colonies, yet this colonization didn’t come without obstacles. Upon entering the seemingly unscathed land, colonists were greeted by Native Americans. At first, the two groups expressed a relationship characterized by amity and cooperation, yet as time went on, the “white superiority” of the colonists and the belief that they were primary owners of land soured the relationship. It was just a matter of time before the colonists would take over and run out the Native Americans. Primarily peaceful and affable, the relationship between the Indians and English steadily depreciated as the English overran the lands of the Indians while the
The Native Americans and Euro-Americans settlers were more different than similar from one another. THESIS: Both the Native Americans and Euro-Americans have very different lifestyles, cultures, and dissimilar perspectives. Euro-Americans saw themselves as conquers of the civilized world and saw the Native Americans as “savages”. Both Euro-Americans and Native Americans had a different theory about the land; it created problems between the two.
Throughout the seventeenth century, conflict between Europeans and Native Americans was rampant and constant. As more and more Europeans migrated to America, violence became increasingly consistent. This seemingly institutionalized pattern of conflict begs a question: Was conflict between Europeans and Native Americans inevitable? Kevin Kenny and Cynthia J. Van Zandt take opposing sides on the issue. Kevin Kenny asserts that William Penn’s vision for cordial relations with local Native Americans was destined for failure due to European colonists’ demands for privately owned land.
When the Europeans came to the Americas, they didn’t know how to treat the Native Americans because they had never encountered other people who weren’t of their race. So Europeans developed this belief that they were superior then Natives and Africans. They took their resources and took advantage of them. They treated them harshly and turned them into slaves to make them work on their land. Europeans also tried to change their beliefs and culture, which caused much resistance and revolts from the Natives and Africans.
European exploration of the West began in 1500 and continued to flourish for over three centuries. While colonizing this new land, Europeans first came into contact with the native peoples. European religious views, gender roles, and land ownership shaped their interactions with Native Americans. The English, for example, practiced Christianity, while the Native Americans possessed a more spiritual and animalistic religion. Native American societies were heavily reliant on women for not only household duties, but also agricultural responsibilities.
Throughout the late 1400’s and the 1500’s, the world experienced many changes due to the discoveries of new lands and peoples that had been never been visited before. The new-found lands of the Americas and exploration of Africa by the Europeans led to new colonies and discoveries in both areas. It also brought different societies and cultures together that had never before communicated, causing conflict in many of these places. While the Europeans treated both the Native Americans and West Africans as inferior people, the early effects they had on the Native Americans were much worse. Beginning in the late 1400’s, many different European explorers started to look for new trade routes in the Eastern Hemisphere in order to gain economic and religious power.
Merrell’s article proves the point that the lives of the Native Americans drastically changed just as the Europeans had. In order to survive, the Native Americans and Europeans had to work for the greater good. Throughout the article, these ideas are explained in more detail and uncover that the Indians were put into a new world just as the Europeans were, whether they wanted change or
As the song goes, "In 1492,in fourteen ninety two, Columbus sailed the ocean blue." Before Christopher Columbus sailed to the New World, the Native Americans knew it as their home. Soon after Columbus reported back to let all of Europe know that he successfully found land, European settlers quickly followed. Every tribe was one of it 's kind, yet their cultures shared the importance of their religious practices, beliefs, and values . The Native Americans were generally very peaceful people, that is, until the Europeans invaded their land and forced them to fight back.
Quite simply put, Europeans viewed Africans and Native Americans as inferior to themselves. They were considered to be heathens and barbarians by the Europeans. And, at least initially, they were not Christian. It was believed that Europeans could save both Native Americans and Africans not only spiritually but also economically and socially. This type of attitude also most likely made it much easier for the Europeans to discriminate and exploit them.
“none shall want what another has, yet [they are] exact observers of property” (Penn, XIX). They believed in leaving the land as nature intended and believed no man could own the land. Europeans did not have the same beliefs as the Native Americans. “Called by ignorance the fox grape (because of the relish it has with unskillful palates), is in itself an extraordinary grape” (Penn, V). The Europeans are fond of wine and thought of the Natives as ignorant for their lack of knowledge on many things the Europeans believed made them
In the 16th Century, Spain became one of the European forces to reckon with. To expand even further globally, Spanish conquistadors were sent abroad to discover lands, riches, and North America and its civilizations. When the Spanish and Native American groups met one another, they judged each other, as they were both unfamiliar with the people that stood before them. The Native American and Spanish views and opinions of one another are more similar than different because when meeting and getting to know each other, neither the Spaniards nor the Native Americans saw the other group of people as human. Both groups of people thought of one another as barbaric monsters and were confused and amazed by each other’s cultures.
Upon the first colonial establishments, the Europeans viewed Native Americans as uncultured, unintelligent, and uncivilized. The first colonizers found themselves ultimately superior to the perceived rudimentary cultural and societal customs that were observed. Native Americans viewed Europeans as a strictly one sided cultural mass enforcement foreign establishment, stopping at nothing to enforce their perceived superiority in all forms of cultural and societal aspects. Differences in land use, gender roles, and societal history added to the wedging and hostility between the Native Americans and European people. Upon the European's first impression of Native American culture, the first notable aspect of their "species" and society was their promising outlook as potential slave laborers.
Literature Review Homelessness and Affordable Housing: Background Adequate and Affordable Housing: Rental Disparity The 2017 Worst Case Housing Needs report to congress, a report that utilizes data from the American Housing Survey (AHS), states there is an inadequate supply of affordable rental units for low-income renters. The Worst Case Needs study centers on a selective survey of large metropolitan areas and includes a national examination of four variants of metropolitan locations (central cities, urban and rural suburbs of central cities, and nonmetropolitan areas). Additionally, the Worst Case Needs study categorizes data in the following four geographic regions: the Northeast, Midwest, South, and West.
