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Psychological Theories Of Child Abuse And Crime

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Several theories declare the connection between child abuse and crime. One of the earliest theories was originated by Sigmund Freud in 1896. Freud 's Repressed Memories theory shows that abusive memories are indirectly stored in the victim 's subconscious. In other words, a subject blocks out painful or traumatic experiences. This could lead to hysteria, and other complications in adulthood (Richmond). The Social Learning Theory (SLT) maintains that children develop patterns of violent or delinquent behavior through imitation. For instance, if a child is being beaten at home, then the child will revert to doing so to other children at school. The Social Control Theory (SCT) says that individuals have a natural tendency towards crime and violence …show more content…

Each year in America alone, an estimate of two million children, ranging from infants to teenagers go through minor or major kinds of abuse which include neglect, physical, emotional, and sexual maltreatment. According to the National American Committee to Prevent Child Abuse, neglect represented 54% of confirmed cases of child abuse, physical abuse represented 22%, sexual abuse represented 8%, emotional maltreatment represented 4%, and other forms of maltreatment represented12%. It also indicates that child abuse is far more common in single-parent families than in families where both parents are …show more content…

"Child Abuse and Neglect" says that Physical abuse can include "striking a child with the hand, fist, or foot or with an object, burning, shaking, pushing, or throwing a child; pinching or biting the child, pulling a child by the hair or cutting off a child’s air." However, physical abuse is considered to be a use of punishment in wrecked as well as normal families such as the use of physical force with the intent of inflicting bodily pain, but not injury, for the purpose of correction or control or discipline. Yet, there is a thin line between physical punishment and abuse which many parents seem to lack notice of. "Child Abuse and Neglect" explains that the level of force used by an angry or frustrated parent can easily get out of hand and lead to injury. Emotional or verbal abuse is one of the worst forms of mistreatment due to its invisibility. Even though it might seem less brutal than physical abuse, it leaves the same and somewhat deeper impact because of its focus on the child 's mental and social development. This causes lasting psychological wounds throughout

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The CA Penal Code talks about physical abuse, which means other types of abuse are ignored. Therefor emotional abuse is not being enforced by the law because is the most difficult abuse to be define and most difficult to detect. Zoldak (2009) examples of emotional abuse are: threats, public humiliation, insults, jealous rages, accusations of infidelity, and isolation from friends and family (When Danger Hits Home, p.17). Emotional abuse “neglect” is one of the most common abuse in children. Children who experience abuse, including witnessing incidents of domestic violence, are at greater risk of having serious adult health problems.

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Nor is there any single description that captures all families in which children are victims of abuse and neglect” (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Administration on Children, Youth and Families Children 's Bureau, 2003). Research has recognized that there are numerous risk factors or characteristics parents or caregivers may show or have experienced that could increase the likelihood of child maltreatment, e.g., financial instability, participation in social service programs, family factors such as: age, personality, substance abuse, history of maltreatment stress, domestic violence; environmental factors and disabilities (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Administration on Children, Youth and Families Children 's Bureau, 2003 & 2015). Because of the data, these commonalities are able to be precursors leading up to child abuse or maltreatment but many times it is hard to measure the severity of them and therefore they may end up undetected (U.S DHHSA

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The incidence of child abuse and neglect has increased dramatically in the past 25 years; the statistics have risen over 130% since 1980 with 1993 being the first year since 1972 in which the number was less than the previous year. Throughout the years child abuse has had a greater impact on the United States and more thorough research has been brought out. The United States has one of the worst records among industrialized nations, losing more than four children on average every day to child abuse and neglect.(cite source) Among the many forms of child abuse are emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. Physical abuse has statistically been in the lead since the 1980’s at 45%, while emotional abuse has been at 22% and sexual abuse has been at

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Abusing hurts, not just physically, but mentally. In the United States, approximately five children die every day from child abuse. Over 70% of these children are below the age of three. Showing the huge problem that is occurring in today’s societies. In the book, A Child Called It, by Dave Pelzer, who shares his real life experiences being abused by his own mother.

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Annotated Bibliography American Academy of Pediatrics. "Child Abuse and Neglect: the section of child abuse and neglect (SOCAN). " n.d. A. aap Organizaton Website. Print. 22 November 2016.

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According to Danielle Moylan, “...around 87% of Afghan women are believed to have experienced domestic violence at least once” (Moylan). In Khaled Hosseini’s novel, A Thousand Splendid Suns, Mariam and Laila, two Afghan women, are both victims of spousal abuse. They are brought together by their marriages to Rasheed and bonded by the abuse they endure. Together they fight to overcome the power of their abusive husband. Spousal abuse is damaging physically, sexually, and emotionally.

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In 2018, physical abuse is “hidden”, but it is present in such large numbers especially in children, “Children are suffering from a hidden epidemic of child abuse and neglect… Every year more than 3.6 million referrals are made to child protection agencies…” (childhelp). Physical abuse is a major issue current day, every day 7 to 10 children die due to abuse or neglect. Because abuse was such a big issue in history, and is such a big issue current day, abuse laws are now being enforced in order to prevent future cases from

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Children should not bare the pain from the individuals that brought them into this world. Child abuse cases such as neglect, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse are happening at this moment all around the world. "Authorities estimate that one out of four girls and one out of seven boys will be sexually abused or molested

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Emotional abuse is also a major player when it comes to affecting the mentalities of children. Emotional abuse can harrow on the mind of a child forever. The phrase “sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never harm me” is one of the most inaccurate sayings. Often children who grew up “in homes where they are constantly berated and belittled may experience self-confidence and anger problems” (“Emotional Abuse Signs, Symptoms and Effects”) that can later lead to them lashing out with their emotions. It is proven that children who are emotionally abused can “struggle to control strong emotions or have extreme outbursts” (“Emotional Abuse Signs, Symptoms, and Effects”) meaning that they could easily be triggered and act out aggressively when the situation presents itself.

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The number of children entering the U.S Child Welfare System (CWS) has increased in the past two decades. Children birth to five years of age make up almost half (46.7%) of the new victims of child maltreatment in the U.S and over a third (38.4%) of all children in foster care (Merrit & Klien, 2015). Research done over the last twenty-five years has shown that severe parental neglect has an extreme effect on child development. In the U.S, neglect constitutes for 54% of maltreated victims each year (Sylvestre & Merette,

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Abuse is something several children fear everyday with three million cases being reported, 10% being sexual abuse,and about 1000

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Social learning theory is where a “person’s learning and social experiences determine behavior” (Meena, 2016). If children were to witness aggressive behaviors get rewarded, they will react with the same behavior they have watched. Social learning theory emphasizes on three social contexts: familial influences, subcultural influences and symbolic models. Familial influence is where children

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“There are many factors that contribute to this repulsive behavior. Physical, sexual, and psychological cruelty are effects of child abuse. Physical abuse is a painful, devastating event that occurs on a daily basis. According to the government, physical abuse is “when someone uses a part of their body or an object to control a person’s actions.” “ There are many forms of physical force, such as, hitting, strangling, slapping, beating, and kicking.

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In different instances, this would come up in conversations and the reactions were for the majority “that’s awful” or “poor thing” or “I can’t understand how anyone could do such a thing” and I never fully understood why. My mother was raised with an abusive father and a compromising mother (who too was dealing with the abuse), so I have seen how a negative experience can have a positive impact/result (message) on a person/child. I have now grown a curiosity to understand the different limits of child abuse and believe what my parents did benefitted me and any other children who received this discipline. With that in mind, I am going to define, and explore different aspects of child abuse with some modern examples.     Some people believe that physical punishments can be degrading and negatively affect the mental health of the child compared to those who think it teaches discipline and how to respect others without any significant damage to the child 's psyche.

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Darlene Lowrey Overview of the Effects of Domestic Violence on Children And the Importance in Forensic Psychology Argosy University Hawaii Campus Overview of the Effects of Domestic Violence on Children and the Importance in Forensic Psychology During September 2013, The National Network to End Domestic Violence (2014) reported that 17,301 children and 19,307 adults found safety in emergency shelters and transitional housing, and another 6,562 children and 24,476 adults received advocacy and support through non-residential services. Research has shown that children who experience domestic violence are at increased risk of developing psychological and behavioral difficulties such as anxiety, depression and aggression (Øverlien, 2010). Since 1997, studies have shown that children who

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