Cultural Resistance

Resistance is the act of opposing some entity directly or indirectly and violently or not. It is an expression of objection by words or by actions to particular events, policies, or situations. Protests can take many different forms; from individual statements to mass demonstrations. Barbara Harlow (1949- ), an English literature professor since 1977 who has worked in many different universities around the world and is interested in resistant, comparative and imperialist literature, defines it as the "struggle for national liberation and independence, particularly in the twentieth century, on the part of colonized peoples in those areas of the world over which Western Europe and North America have sought socio-economic control and cultural

However, there are various movements before that is considered as resistant; the first is the resistance blacks showed when they arrived in Natchez in India in 1729 together with the Indians themselves against France, which soon spread in Britain, France, Spain and later on in the American States. In the USA it took a more discipline path somehow; it was named the American Civil War that goes back to (1861-1865), when seven slave countries in the south declared their secession from the States to be later known as the Confederate States of America, and later on their number grew. The reason behind their rebellion was mainly the suffrage from 'slavery.' Subsequently, on the presidential turn of Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), the sixteenth president of the United States of America, he signed their emancipation. The political atmosphere back then is disturbed fundamentally due to slavery. Accordingly, people were divided into two classes; one of them is scorning the other and humiliating it in every possible was. However, resistance is not only about those cases, it also deals with many other topics like: Feminism, Familial Violence, and many diverse political issues discussed through all men of letters' works wherever and

Black's Resistance took many diverse paths as they are many, according to many factors. One reasonably healthy path was through writing. As David Graver (1961- ), the American anthropologist, author, anarchist and activist notices that Africans used the ways they were being taught by the European themselves to express themselves and how they feel in literature to oppose their maltreatment and oppression in mission schools and urban cultural clubs. Although using the European languages was a sign being imperialized, Africans showed through it their target which is to contradict the lies of Europe about forging the African identity. Herbert Dhlomo (1903-1956), one of the major founding figures of South African literature, was a pioneer in this field of drama in the thirties and the forties of the last century, founding the roots and identity of South Africa, his nation, through mentioning historical events and themes imitating famous European men of letters like George Bernard Shaw (Graver