1) Regeneration - If faith is produced by the regenerating power of the Holy Spirit (Ephesians 2:8), then this must be the case of Old Testament saints (Hebrews 11) who looked ahead to the cross, believing that what God had promised in regard to their redemption would come to pass. 2) Indwelling (or filling) - Here is where the major difference between the Spirit’s roles in the Old and New Testaments is apparent. So, while in the New Testament the Spirit only indwells believers and that indwelling is permanent (1 Corinthians 3:16-17; 6:19-20), in contrast to this work in the New Testament, the indwelling in the Old Testament was selective and temporary. The Spirit “came upon” such Old Testament people as Joshua (Numbers 27:18), David (1 Samuel …show more content…
To walk in the Spirit is another way of saying that believers must conduct their ethical lives in constant reference to the Spirit. To walk in the Spirit involves deliberate and personal attentiveness to the will of God as set out in Scripture and encoded in the law. “For that matter Paul’s talk of walking in the Spirit does not undermine the Jewish tradition but rather strengthens it. It deliberately provides an alternative understanding in the new covenant context of how the people of God ought to conduct themselves by living in partnership with the Spirit as the enabling resource for fulfilling the law (cf. 5:14).” “Just as ‘walking’ in the ways of God is what Jewish understanding of ethics is all about, so Paul regards the Spirit of God as the manifestation of God’s empowering presence, both in the life of the believing community and in the lives of individual believers, leading and guiding them in the paths of righteousness.” Believers must, however, not leave it all to the Spirit, neither should they do it all by themselves. They are expected to make moral choices and righteous decisions even while they are being motivated by the Spirit from within. “Though the imperative to walk in the Spirit (5:16) is one of several activities that Paul regards as expressions of sowing to the Spirit (6:8), in view of its significance as a primary expression in Paul’s moral exhortation it is possible to use the terminology ‘walking in the Spirit’ in juxtaposition with ‘sowing to the Spirit’.” The lifestyle of walking in the Spirit involves the partnership between the Spirit and the believer with reference to the law, and this is what “Paul views as the solution to the problem of the σάρξ (5:13-15,